Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Anticholinesterase, Antityrosinase Activities and Characterisation of Volatile Compounds of Verbascum oocarpum by SPME and GC-FID/MS
Seyda Kanbolat
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
Nuriye Korkmaz
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
Sıla O. Sener *
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
Merve Badem
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
Nevin Ulas Colak
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
Mahmoud Abudayyak
Department of Pharmacutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
Rezzan Aliyazicioglu
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
Ufuk Ozgen
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
Ali Kandemir
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Erzincan University, 24000 Erzincan, Turkey.
Sengul Alpay Karaoglu
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The objective of present study was to specify the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase, and antityrosinase activities of Verbascum oocarpum Murb., together with its volatile components. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of aerial parts of V. oocarpum indicated substantial antioxidant activity derived from benzoic acid, sinapic acid, and quercetin compounds. The methanolic extract displayed moderate antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Mycobacterium smegmatis. It also exhibited a higher IC50 value on tyrosinase than kojic acid, and lower acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor activities than galantamin. MTT analysis revealed that high concentrations of V. oocarpum extract can result in cytotoxicity, with an IC50 of 0.444 mg/mL. Common volatile components included pentadecane, hex-2(E)-enal, limonene, phenylacetaldehyde, isophorone, 1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-benzene, 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl-2(4h)-benzofuranone and hexadecane. V. oocarpummay be of potential benefit to the food, cosmetical, and pharmaceutical sectors owing to its potent anticholinesterase, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, volatile components, and limited cytotoxicity.
Keywords: Antioxidant, antimicrobial, volatile components, Verbascum oocarpum.