Identification of Bioactive Phytoconstituents in Passiflora vitifolia Leaves by GC–MS and Their Pharmacological Relevance
Vipin Kumar Pandey
*
School of Pharmacy, Sangam University, NH-79, Atoon, Bhilwara, 311001, Rajasthan, India.
Praveen Kumar Soni
School of Pharmacy, Sangam University, NH-79, Atoon, Bhilwara, 311001, Rajasthan, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammation is a complex biological response that plays a role in host defence and tissue repair, but, when persistent or dysregulated, it is linked to a number of chronic disorders. Medicinal plants are an important source of structurally diverse bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. Passiflora vitifolia Kunth is a lesser-known species of the genus Passiflora, whose phytochemical and pharmacological potential has yet to be fully investigated.
Aim: This study investigated the phytochemical profile of a hydro-methanolic leaf extract and considered the reported pharmacological relevance of its constituents.
Materials and Methods: The extracted material was chromatographically and mass-spectrometrically profiled. The constituents detected were identified by comparing their retention indices and mass spectra with those in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database. The identified compounds were then assessed in relation to their previously reported pharmacological activities, specifically anti-inflammatory activity.
Results: Fifteen compounds from various chemical classes were identified from the hydro-methanolic leaf extract using GC–MS. The main constituents were 2-pentadecanone, 6, 10, 14-trimethyl (25.2 %), 2-methyl-9-β-D-ribofuranosylhypoxanthine (21.4%), tetradecane, 2, 6, 10-trimethyl (13.1 %), and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (11.4 %). Several identified constituents have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-nociceptive, anti-arthritic, or related activities in the past. A substantial proportion of the identified compounds was associated with anti-inflammatory properties.
Conclusion: The results indicate that P. vitifolia leaves contain diverse chemical constituents identified by GC–MS, some of which have reported biological activities. Several compounds with reported anti-inflammatory activity were detected, providing a preliminary phytochemical basis for investigating the possible anti-inflammatory properties of the plant.
Keywords: Passiflora vitifolia, hydro-methanolic extract, GC–MS; phytochemical profiling, anti-inflammatory activity, bioactive compounds