Structural Elucidation of Some Antibiotics against Wound Bacterial Pathogens from Penicillium Species Using Agrowastes
Ikechukwu Harmony Iheukwumere *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University (COOU), Anambra State, Nigeria.
Chidiogo Marigold Iheukwumere
Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka (UNIZIK), Nigeria.
Obianuju Helen Obiefuna
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University (COOU), Anambra State, Nigeria.
Bright Chukwuebuka Unaeze
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.
Michael Ikechukwu Nwike
Department of Biology, Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Amaka Olivia Obianom
Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka (UNIZIK), Nigeria.
Nnenna Nelly Onyemekara
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Imo State (UAES), Nigeria.
Chimamkpam Henry Nnadozie
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University (COOU), Anambra State, Nigeria.
Edwin Uchechukwu Igboanugo
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied and Natural Sciences, Legacy University, Okija, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Victor Echezona Ike
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Imo State (UAES), Nigeria.
Nnamdi Enoch Nwakoby
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University (COOU), Anambra State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: This study was undertaken to carry out structural elucidation of some antibiotics from Penicillium species using Agro-wastes.
Methodology: Penicillium species were isolated from garden soil samples, and grown in formulated mycological medium that comprises Phoenix dactylifera (PD) fruits, Chrysophyllum albidum (CA) fruits, Glycine max (GM) peel and Musa paradisiaca (MP) peel, considering varying conditions (pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources). The extracted antibiotics were exposed to wound pathogens using agr welled diffusion method. The industry fractions were precipitated, eluted, purified and elucidated using column, thin layer and gas chromatographic coupled with mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) techniques.
Results: The fungi isolated were Penicillium digitatum strain PdWO3 (PdP3) and Penicillium Oxalicum strain LIR1 (POL1). The fungal isolates showed significant (P<0.05) growth and production of antibiotics at pH 7.0, temperature (25), when the carbon and nitrogen sources were sugar from PD and NOdz respectively. The fractions; oleic acid (P1) > hexacosanoic acid (P2) > hexadecenoic acid (P3) > 10-octaecenoic acid (P4) > 9-octadecenoic acid (Z) methyl esters (P5) > 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-2hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, eluted and purified from PdP3 showed significant (P<0.05) inhibitory activities against wound bacterial pathogens; Pseudomonas aeruginosa PGN5 (PAP5) and Streptococcus pyogenes A1 (SPA1). Similarly, the fractions; oleic acid (L1) > hexacosanoic acid (L2) > E-11-tridece-1-ol-acetate (L4) > 1-octadecene (L3) > 2H-A zepin-2-one hexa-hydro-1-methyl (L5) eluted from POL1 exhibited significant (P<0.05) inhibitory activities against wound bacterial pathogens.
Conclusion: Therefore, this study has proven that the fractions eluted from PdP3 and POL1 showed pronounced activities against wound bacterial pathogens, and could be used as newer antibiotics against wound infections.
Keywords: Penicilium, antibiotics, agrowaste, mycological, medium