Advancements in Novel Drug Delivery Systems: Techniques for Pre and Post Formulation Analysis
Muhammad Abid Mustafa
*
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Namra Rasheed
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muskan Islam
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Irsa Irshad
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Noor-ul-Ain
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Sheza Batool
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muneeba Naveed
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Gulzaib Bibi
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Jawaria Nazeer
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Fatima Wajid
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Ayesha Atif
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Syeda Dua -E- Zahara
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) are revolutionizing treatment by leveraging progressive technologies to deliver drugs precisely to their targets within the body. This targeted approach enhances therapeutic efficacy while minimizing unwanted side effects. This review delves into the various techniques employed for developing and characterizing NDDS. We focus on the critical role of characterization, encompassing both pre- and post-formulation stages. Pre-formulation techniques explored include physicochemical properties (melting point, solubility, etc.) spectroscopic analysis (UV, FTIR), thermal analysis (DSC, TGA), and powder characterization (XRD, polarized microscopy). In addition, post-formulation methods such as NMR spectrometry, atomic force microscopy, and in vitro drug release investigations are covered. By comprehensively characterizing these systems, researchers can optimize their design and formulation, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and encouraging improvements in the study and development of pharmaceuticals.
Keywords: Novel drug delivery systems, advanced drug delivery, physicochemical properties, nanomedicine, characterization techniques