Causes and Therapy of Depression Posing Risk to Alzheimer's: A Comprehensive Review
N.V.L. Suvarchala Reddy V *
Department of Pharmacology, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
M. Ganga Raju
Department of Pharmacology, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
P. Shrivani
Department of Pharmacology, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
D. Pushyami Sudha
Department of Pharmacology, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
P. Anusha
Department of Pharmacology, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Depression is a complex mental disorder that not only affects mood but also poses a significant risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Key findings unravel a bilateral relationship where depression not only emerges as a precursor but also as a consequence of Alzheimer's pathology, thereby creating a vicious cycle that exacerbates the cognitive decay. The review article traverses the landscape of both disorders, elucidating the pathological and biochemical links that interlace their neuropathological signatures. It further reviews the current landscape of treatment modalities and management strategies, positioning non-pharmacological interventions like lifestyle modifications and cognitive therapies at the forefront, alongside conventional pharmacotherapy. A novel angle is provided by the exploration of herbal plants used in treatment, gauging their efficacy and potential as alternative or adjunct therapies. Recent advancements in the therapeutic domain, such as personalized medicine and innovative drug targets, are also highlighted, offering a roadmap for translational research and clinical practice.
Keywords: Depression, Alzheimer's disease, pro-inflammatory cytokines, antidepressant therapy, monoaminergic nuclei