A Case Report of Brain Metastases after Neoadjuvant Chemo and Radiotherapy for Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma in an Adult Male Patient
Fu Zhi Jun
1st Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei Province, China.
Wu Wen Long
1st Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei Province, China.
Muhammad Abbas *
1st Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei Province, China.
LI Shu Guang
1st Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei Province, China.
Bi Ren Jie
1st Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei Province, China.
Cao Ming Fu
1st Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei Province, China.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumor before the main treatment, which is usually surgery, is given. Examples of neoadjuvant therapy include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy. It is a type of induction therapy. The most common pattern of esophageal cancer metastases (ECM) is to the lymph nodes, lung, liver, bones, adrenal glands, and brain.
Case Presentation: A male patient, 47 years old, was admitted to the hospital on July 31, 2020, mainly due to "progressive dysphagia. Two months ago, the patient had difficulty eating without obvious incentives, especially when eating hard food such as rice. The liquid diet was acceptable, accompanied by retrosternal pain and discomfort, heartburn, and obvious weight loss. The symptoms gradually aggravated without obvious relief.
Conclusion: In summary, there are few international investigations and an absence of relevant information and literature on the environment in which tumor cells survive after radiotherapy. Clinicians can't ignore the issue of whether radiotherapy will alter the tumor cells' natural environment, leading to tumor cell escape and an increase in brain metastases.
Keywords: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, esophagogastric junction carcinoma, dysphagia, metastases