Overview on Causes, Diagnosis and Management of Knee Injuries in Children and Adolescents: Review Article
Nazim Faisal Hamed *
Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed Hussen Sheikha
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed Sughayyir Albalawi
Pediatric Emergency Fellow, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulrahman Abdullah Aloufi
Pediatric Registrar, Qassim Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah Khalaf A. Alshammari
Pediatrics Resident, Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Sawsan Musri Althubyani
Faculty of Medicine, Northern Borders University , Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Nouf Dhaifallah Ali Almatrafi
Faculty of Medicine, Northern Borders University , Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Emtenan Adel Hussain Saraj
North Medical Tower, ArAr City, KSA.
Manal Mohammed E. Alhawiti
General practitioner, Maternity & Children Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This review aimed to summarize the updates in the causes, diagnosis and management of knee injuries in children and adolescents. Knee injuries are common and are often the result of multiple forces: varus, valgus, hyperextension, hyperflexion, internal rotation, external rotation, anterior or posterior translation, and axial loading. Certain combinations of force are known to cause specific patterns of injury. A knee injury can affect any ligaments, tendons, or fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that surround the knee joint, as well fas the bones, cartilage, and ligaments that make up the joint itself. ACL injuries are one of the most common types of knee injuries, including a torn meniscus that is common in sports that require jumping jacks, patellar fractures, and knee bruises. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to more fully evaluate knee injuries. Radiologists can accurately identify individual lesions and combinations of lesions. Surgical and non-surgical treatments are performed depending on the case.
Keywords: review, updates, causes, diagnosis, management, knee injuries, children, adolescents