Review on Surgical Management of Esophageal Rupture Saudi Arabia, Review Article
Hashem Bark Awadh Abood *
Dr. Samir Abbas Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and King Fahad Hospital – Al Baha, Saudi Arabia.
Fatmah Khalid Aljudaibi
Batterjie Medical College, Saudi Arabia.
Zainab Ali Alarayedh
Salmanya Medical Complex, Bahrain.
D. Alazmi, Dalal Ali
Aljouf University, Saudi Arabia.
Y. Arishi, Dekra Yousef
Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.
A. Alomair, Abdulrahman Mohammed
King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
Zarbah, Jaber Mohammed J. Zarbah
Ministry of Defense, Saudi Arabia.
Suhair Mohammed Alhawkash
Najran University, Saudi Arabia.
Nedal Hatem Abada
Batterjee Medical College, Saudi Arabia.
Sarah Fahad Alshammari
Batterjee Medical College, Saudi Arabia.
Aseel Adel Shams
Batterjee Medical College, Saudi Arabia.
Rahaf Ahmed Alamer
King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia.
E. Alotaibi, Hamoud Shaya
Taif University, Saudi Arabia.
Hazem Khairan Althobaiti
Taif University, Saudi Arabia.
Noor Ameen Al Abbad
King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Esophageal rupture presents a significant interprofessional challenge to the entire therapeutic team. The majority of symptoms are non-specific, which can significantly delay the time between perforation and final diagnosis. An esophageal rupture can be caused by a variety of pathophysiological factors. Instruments such as endoscope causes an elevation in the wall tension, particularly iatrogenic interventions, or a massive rise in intraluminal pressure caused by throwing up, chest injury, or abdominal injuries are the main stressors. The choice of the management plan and its outcome depends mainly on the site of the rupture. Although the perforation can occur at any site of the esophagus, there is a tendency to main areas that correspond to natural points of narrowing of the lumen. If esophageal rupture requires surgery, patients should be transported to the operating room as soon as feasible. Minor delays in surgical therapy can lead to higher rates of morbidity and fatality. This review aims to summarize current evidence on etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and surgical management of esophageal rupture.
Keywords: Esophageal rupture, esophagus, trauma, perforation, esophageal mucosa