Cancer Cytotoxic and Anti-HIV Potential of Triphala Herb Mixture on from Chae Son, Lampang, Thailand
Wilart Pompimon *
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, Thailand.
Punchavee Sombutsiri
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, Thailand.
Wipanoot Baison
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, Thailand.
Phansuang Udomputtimekakul
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, Thailand.
Angkhana Chuajedton
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, Thailand.
Boonthawan Wingwon
Department of Management Science, Faculty of Management Science, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, Thailand.
Kanoknetr Suksen
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
Jitra Limthongkul
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Chanita Naparswad
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare the stability properties of the two years for the quality of Tri-Pha-La Herbal Drink, Thai traditional and Ayurvedic medicine. This study aimed to compare the anticancer and anti-HIV efficacy of the solvent extracts and gallic acid of the three fruits. The research was done between A.D. 2017 to A.D. 2018.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, the cancer cell lines, KB, HT 29, MCF-7, A 549, CL and ASK treated with Triphala fruits extract at concentrations of 4 mg/mL for 72 h except 48 for P-388) . The cytotoxic activity was expressed as 50% effective dose (ED50). In addition, anti-HIV activity of the all Triphala fruits solvent extracts was performed by anti-HIVs-1RT. The tested extracts were prescreened at 200 μg/mL and only those which were very active (≥70% inhibition) at this concentration were further determined for the dose, μM, that inhibited 50% HIV-1 RT activity (IC50). Moreover, anti-syncytium (MC99+1A2) was performed by the Triphala fruits extract. The results were expressed as the concentration that inhibited 50% formazan formation in uninfected cells (IC50). The therapeutic index (TI) was calculated using the equation: TI=IC50/EC50.
Results: The results were compared between years A.D. 2017/2018. Amongst six ethyl acetate and methanol extracts (A.D. 2017) showed less than 20 µg/mL cell viability in P-388 cell lines. However, the four ethyl acetate and methanol extracts (A.D. 2018) were also inhibited P-388 cell species. Furthermore, each gallic acid, isolated from three fruits Triphala (A.D.2017/2018) were also strongly inhibited to P-388 cell species. Anti-HIV-RT activity of the all Triphala fruits solvent extracts (A.D. 2017) except hexane extracts showed very active which is consistent with A.D. 2018.
Conclusion: P. emblica-ethyl acetate extract (A.D. 2018) was the most promising anti-syncytium (MC99+1A2) among evaluated all three fruits Triphala extracts: it afforded the lowest EC ₅₀ 8.85 µM and therapeutic index 2.10. The results evidently showed the capacity of Triphala as potential chemopreventive and anticancer drug and immunity.
Keywords: Triphala, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, Phyllanthus emblica, cytotoxicity, anti-HIV.