The Role of Alpha-1-acid Glycoprotein 2 Protein and the Underlying Orosomucoid 2 Gene in Different Diseases
Khulood Alotaibi *
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Alaa Mufawwaz
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Mona Alharbi
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Jehan Alrahimi
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Immunology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Fatemah Basingab
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Immunology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Safiah Alhazmi
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Alpha-1-Acid glycoprotein 2 (AGP2) or orosomucoid 2 (ORM2) is a major plasma protein. AGP2 is a member of the immunocalin family, a lipocalin subfamily expressed mainly in hepatocytes and also in astrocytes and endothelial cells. The detailed physiological role of this protein has not yet been known, but some physiological activates have been related to this protein, including drug binding and immunomodulating effects. As it belongs to the positive acute phase proteins (APP), AGP2 increases during acute phase reactions and under certain pathological conditions such as unspecific inflammatory stimulation. AGP2 play a critical role in many diseases throughout its critical biological pathways. This literature review evaluates and discusses the contribution of AGP2 in different diseases, including several types of cancer, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Keywords: Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2, orosomucoid 2, inflammation, microglia activation, glycosylation modifications, capillary permeability, COVID-19, cancer