Role of Protein C, Protein S and Antithrombin III Levels in High-risk Pregnant Women in Karachi's Gadap Region for Obstetric Complications
Muhammad Rizwan *
Department of Pathology, Baqai Medical College, Baqai University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Syeda Shabana Nasir
Department of Hematology, Baqai Institute of Medical Technology, Baqai University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Irshad Ahmed Ansari
Department of Hematology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Uzma Afreen
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Air Force Hospital, Faisal, Karachi, Pakistan.
Nasima Iqbal
Department of Pathology, Baqai Medical College, Baqai University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Syed Fazal-e-Karim Faisal
Department of Anaesthesia, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Pakistan Air Force Hospital, Faisal, Karachi, Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Objectives: Thrombophilia has been connected to both pregnancy difficulties and recurrent miscarriage. The purpose of this project is to establish a baseline of protein C, protein S, and AT III levels in pregnant females with various pregnancy-related problems, assess the prevalence of acquired deficiency in these parameters, and compare the results to a control group.
Method: In conjunction with Muhammadi Blood Bank, Baqai Medical University conducted a cross-sectional study. There were 150 pregnant and non-pregnant women in the study. The immunoturbidity approach was used to assess the free protein S level, and the bichrome method was utilised to determine ATIII activity, while the clot-based methodology was used to determine PT, APTT, and protein C activity. All parameters were examined using the CA-650 automated coagulation analyzer.
Results: The mean age range of the participant was 18-45 years. Most of participants were Sindhi. The participants ranged in age from 18 to 45 years old. Sindhis made up the majority of the attendees. When all three were compared, there was a significant difference in Protein C and Protein S levels (p-value=0.001), while AT III levels were insignificant. Protein S levels were found to be lower in all four pregnancy problems (PIH, IUD, Miscarriages, and Multiple Pregnancies), however only Protein C levels were lower in IUD.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that protein S levels were low in both healthy pregnant women and those in the high-risk group, with no significant association with distinct problem groups. Reduced protein C levels, on the other hand, were found to have a statistically significant link to IUD instances. Antithrombin III (ATIII) levels were found to be normal in all of the groups studied.
Keywords: Protein C, Protein S, Antithrombin III, Hemoglobin, Platelets Count, PT, aPTT, Pregnant