A Cross-sectional Study to Investigate the Association of Depression among COPD Patients at a Secondary Care Hospital in Nilgiris
M. B. Aishwarya Gowda
GSK (Glaxo Smith Kline), Bangalore, India.
Shefali Deo
Life Cycle Management, Global Regulatory Affairs Pfizer Healthcare, India.
Sayoojya Rajeev Nair
Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India.
Shonitha Sagadevan
Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India.
Khayati Moudgil *
Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mauritius.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: Depression is highly affected comorbid condition with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients remaining unrecognized and under-diagnosed. Co-morbid depression affects the prognosis of the disease leading to an increase in the mortality rate.
Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess and evaluate the association of depression among COPD patients by using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D).
Study Design, Place and Duration: A cross-sectional study conducted at Government headquarters hospital, Ooty, consisting of 82 COPD patients, who were assessed for depression.
Results: Among 82 COPD patients, 17% (n=14) of the patients found without depression, 17% (n=14) of the patients suffered from mild depression, followed by 35.3% (n=29) of the patients from moderate depression, 25.6% (n=21) of the patients suffered from severe depression and 4.8% (n=4) patients diagnosed with very severe depression. Thus, the prevalence of depression in our study population was 82.9%. Depression was found to be significantly associated with age (p =0.000), alcoholism (p =0.012) and duration of disease (p= 0.000). A positive correlation was obtained between depression and age, duration of disease.
Conclusion: The study revealed that the severity of depression is strongly associated with age, consumption of alcohol, and duration of COPD.
Keywords: COPD, depression, HAM-D scale, comorbidity