Possible Mechanisms of Drugs Used in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Pharmacological Perspective
Ravindra Babu Pingili *
Faculty of Pharmacy, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur-522213, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Tanvija Kodali
Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada-520010, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Naveen Babu Kilaru
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada-520010, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Vijaya R. Dirisala
Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur-522213, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Siva Reddy Challa
Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada-520010, Andhra Pradesh, India and Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 1 Illini Dr, Peoria-61605 Illinois, USA.
Akhila Kondru
Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada-520010, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Sirisha Koppula
Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada-520010, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Sravani Melike
Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada-520010, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Vyshnavi Toleti
Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada-520010, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Vara Prasad Saka
DS- Pharmacology, Dr. Anjali Chatarji Regional Research Institute (Homoeopathy), Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy - Ministry of Ayush, Kolkata, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Coronaviruses are a type of virus that can infect both animals and humans. Coronaviruses are divided into thirty-nine species and twenty-seven subgenus in the family Coronaviridae, according to the current classification. Seven of these are known to induce respiratory infections, while four others can cause cold-like symptoms on a regular basis. SARS CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS CoV-2 infection are three examples of viral rebound. They are to blame for SARS, MERS, and the most recent Coronavirus epidemic discovered in 2019. (COVID-19). The World Health Organization declared the respiratory sickness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection to be a pandemic (WHO). For this COVID-19, there are currently no properly shown managements. The virology of SARS-CoV-2 has yielded a large number of therapeutic targets. Remdesivir appears to be the most promising treatment. Currently, COVID-19 is treated with Dexamethasone, Tocilizumab, Remdesivir, Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir, Favipiravir, Niclosamide, Azithromycin, Sarilumab, Baricitinib, Ruxolitinib, Ribavarin, Nitazoxanide, Umifenovir, Camostat, Ciclesonide, Darun They exert their effects through blocking receptors such as IL 6, TMPRSS2, CD147, and AAKI, as well as RNA dependent RNA polymerase, membrane fusion, endocytosis, and proteolysis. The authors of this study looked at the available literature on the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 virus in terms of therapeutic evidence. This in-depth and thorough examination provides an excellent overview of the most up-to-date information on the medications used to treat COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19, remdesivir, coronavirus, favipiravir, azithromycin