Predictors of Bleeding Risks and Episodes in Heart Patients
Muhammad Zahid Iqbal
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Lahore Pharmacy College, Lahore Medical & Dental College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Yaman W. Kassab
Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman.
Ahmed Abdelrahman Gadelseed Salih
Inpatient Pharmacy, Pharmacy Department, Mediclinic Airport Road Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Winsthon Carpo Matias
Inpatient Pharmacy, Pharmacy Department, Mediclinic Airport Road Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
H. Jaasminerjiit Kaur
School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
Muhammad Shahid Iqbal *
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine predictors of bleeding risks and episodes in heart patients. This study also determined the effect of demographic characteristics and comorbidities on the bleeding episodes in heart patients.
Methods: A retrospective and observational study was done on a data collection form to obtain the required data. After adjusting confounders in logistic regression analysis model, (predicting likelihood of reporting bleeding risks and episodes), pure predictors of bleeding risks and episodes were determined. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Overall, 220 patients’ data on data collection forms were collected in the study. Out of the total studied patients, around 56 were on warfarin, 47 on dabigatran, 67 on rivaroxaban and 50 on apixaban. In addition, age and presence of comorbidity were observed as the pure and strong predictors of bleeding risks and episodes among the studied patients.
Conclusion: Age and presence of comorbidity were the pure and strong predictors of bleeding risks and episodes.
Keywords: Heart, predictor, bleeding, risks, episodes