Etiology and Epidemiology of Maturity-onset Diabetes of the Young
Abdulwahid Mohammad Alghamdi *
Department of Pediatrics, Al Aziziyah Children Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Zahra Yaser Alamer
College of Dentistry, Alfarabi Colleges, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed Abdulrahman Alamri
Department of Pediatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
Ablaa Mubarak Alkorbi
College of Medicine, Najran Univeristy, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah Ghunaim Almtotah
Department of Urology, Jahra hospital , Kuwait City , Kuwait.
Murtadha Ahmed Alatawi
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Areej Osama Abukhodair
College of Medicine, AlRayan Colleges, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
Mai Fahad Alassaf
College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Shatha Ahmed Alqahtani
College of Medicine, Najran Univeristy, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed Yahya Asiri
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Roayad Mouayed Abuaziz
Department of Pediatric, Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Jumana Osama Alaama
Department of Psychiatry, Eradah Mental Health Complex, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Evidence indicates that Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) exhibits an autosomal dominant inheritance and is the most common type of monogenic diabetes. However, it should be noted that misdiagnosis of the condition is very common, as patients are usually mistaken for both types I and type II diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we have discussed the etiology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of MODY based on an extensive literature review. Genetic mutations are mainly attributed to the development of the disease, which usually manifests throughout the second to fifth decades of life. Pancreatic islet cell destruction, impaired insulin secretion, defects regarding threshold to serum glucose levels, and other pathological events are usually observed in these patients. Data regarding the epidemiology of the condition is not adequately reported in the literature, especially among non-European populations, indicating the need to conduct future investigations. Ethnic and age variations are potentially epidemiological characteristics of the disease. However, not enough data are present in the literature to support such conclusions.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, phenotypes, maturity - onset diabetes of the young, etiology, epidemiology, MODY