Overview on Pediatric Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Review
Ahmed AbdelSamie Fadl *
Doctor Samir Abbas Hospital, Saudi Arabia and Department of Pediatrics, Alazhar Unversity Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt.
Hussam Yahya Abdullah Alghamdi
Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Baraah Atef Madani Ashgan
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Nuha Saad H. Alasmari
King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Sultan Salman Alwahbi
Misr University for Science and Technology, Egypt.
Bayan Anwar Alkhamis
Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Sultan Meshal Almutairi
King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health since, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Quds Hussain Albeladi
Arabian Gulf University, Saudi Arabia.
Ghadeer Abdullah Alotaibi
Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Rawan Obaid Alotaibi
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
Reema Mohammed Bamousa
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
Jana Fahad Alzamami
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a set of clonal bone marrow diseases in children that are characterised by peripheral cytopenia, dysplastic alterations in the bone marrow, and inefficient hematopoiesis. MDS is uncommon in children, with just 1-4 occurrences per million children afflicted. Adults, particularly the elderly, are more susceptible to the disease. Some hereditary disorders, such as Fanconi's anaemia, Shwachman's, and Down's syndromes, are known to predispose children to developing MDS. JCML and monosomy 7 syndrome are the two most frequent paediatric MDS types, both of which affect children in their early years. Approximately 20% of juvenile myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cases are discovered by chance during normal laboratory testing or during the course of a suspected hereditary bone marrow failure (IBMF). Differentiating MDS with low blast numbers from aplastic anaemia (AA) and MDS with excess blasts from AML are the two key diagnostic issues in this condition. Bone marrow transplantation and stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice in most cases. In this article we discuss the disease epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Keywords: Myelodysplastic syndrome, bone marrow diseases, cytopenia, aplastic anaemia