'Silymarin' a Potential Treatment Targeting Hepatic Fibrosis of Schistosomiasis
Maimonah Alghanmi
Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Abdullah Alsuliman Street, P. O. Box 80324, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia and Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Aziza Alrafiah *
Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Abdullah Alsuliman Street, P. O. Box 80324, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Despite all treatment and control efforts, schistosomiasis still thrives in humanity. It is endemic in 78 countries that are anchored by poverty and diseases. Until now, the broad-spectrum praziquantel (PZQ) drug is the only effective treatment of choice. However, reports documented some side effects for PZQ like haemorrhage in lung tissues, resistance, and inefficacy to treat fibrotic tissues. Therefore, alternative drugs that help in reducing the undesired effects of schistosomiasis are required. This study examined the efficacy of Silymarin in interfering with the fibrogenesis process using a mouse model. Silymarin is a herbal extract known to have flavonoids and polyphenols that help in reducing the inflammatory reaction, stimulating hepatocyte regeneration, and inhibiting the fibrogenesis process.
Methods: A total of thirty adult tBALB/c male mice were divided into negative, chronically infected control and treated groups. All were killed after 18 weeks from the initial infection. Different histopathological investigations and liver function tests were carried out to detect the difference between the groups.
Results: Administration of Silymarin exhibited a significant improvement in all associated histopathology with a considerable decline in the area percentage of collagen fibers. It restored the elevated level of serum ALT as well.
Conclusion: Silymarin as a treatment for chronic hepatopathies will only be successful if started during the acute phase of the disease.
Keywords: Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosomiasis, fibrosis, liver, Silymarin