A Review on Non-target Toxicity of Deltamethrin and Piperonyl Butoxide: Synergist
Mrinmoy Basak
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati-26. Assam, India.
Rejwan Ahmed Choudhury
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati-26. Assam, India.
Priyanka Goswami
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati-26. Assam, India.
Biplab Kumar Dey
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati-26. Assam, India.
Moksood Ahmed Laskar *
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati-26. Assam, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Deltamethrin and piperonyl butoxide two synthetic pyrethroids, when used in a combination it produces synergistic effect. This two insecticide has found to be widely used in the management of mosquito, housefly and other insects to control the various vector born diseases. In this review we assessed the toxic effect of deltamethrin and piperonyl butoxide on beneficial organisms commonly available in the ecosystem. It was found to be toxic to fish, honey bees the prime pollinators of crop plant; earthworm is also susceptible at a lethal concentration for a particular exposure. As far the birds are concerned, they have a less toxic risk in lower concentration of exposure. The alterations obtained in the hematological, biochemical and histopathological studies, further conclude that it can cause environment hazards and toxic to the non-targeted organisms. This investigation gives an insight into the combined toxicological profile of deltamethrin and PBO for better risk assessment and safe use of pyrethroids and their synergist in non-targeted organisms.
Keywords: Deltamethrin, piperonyl butoxide, fish, earthworm, bird, honey bees, selective toxicity