Management of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Emergency: A Review
Hisham Mohammed Sonbul *
King Abdulaziz University Hospital-KAUH, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulrahman Mohammed S. Alabid
Jouf University, Saudi Arabia.
Fahad Ali A. Almarshad
Dammam Medical Complex, Saudi Arabia.
Alqahtani, Ali Saad M.
Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia.
Rayan Ali Barakat
Ajyad Emergency Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Abudeyah, Manal Ahmed K.
Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.
Ameera Jassim A. Al Ramadhan
Qatif Central Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
Muteb Bandar Binmohaiya
Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia.
Alqarni, Alwaled Abdullah B.
Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia.
Hayash, Fatimah Abdulrahman H.
King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulelah Ahmed Alabdulwahab
King Faisal University, Medical intern, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is life threatening disease it’s often associated with sepsis, which require ICU management. In individuals with sepsis, the risk of DIC is especially high, DIC affects 30 to 50 percent of these individuals. Also it affects only about ten percent of patients with solid tumors, trauma, or obstetric emergencies. Hematological malignancies, aneurysms, and liver diseases can also cause the disease, the treatment for DIC focuses on resolving the underlying problem that led to this condition in the first place. As a result, antibiotics for severe sepsis, delivery in the case of placental abruption, and exploratory surgical intervention in the case of trauma are the pillars of DIC treatment, Patients with active bleeding or a high risk of bleeding, as well as those who require an invasive surgery, should consider platelet and plasma transfusions. Other anti-coagulant drugs can also be used. Prothrombin complex concentrates should only be administered in an emergency, due to their possible dangers. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin rhTM it was developed and licensed for clinical usage in Japan in 2008, and it’s one of the novel treatments for DIC. Anti-Xa agents, Synthetic protease inhibitors, and antithrombin are another options for treatment. In this article we will be making overview of the disease, it’s etiology an what’s the current management options.
Keywords: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), ICU management, anti-coagulant drugs, recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin rhTM