Causes and Management of Lower Gastro-Intestinal Bleeding

Mohammed Salah Hussein

Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Dr Samir Abbas Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Ziyad Abdullah Alshagawi

Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.

Noor Abdulhakim M. Al Fateel

Abqaiq General Hospital, Saudi Arabia.

Hossam Mohammed Alashhab

King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

Alenzi Meshari Mosleh

Jouf University, Saudi Arabia.

Osamah Abdulmonem Almutawa

King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia.

Abdulrahman Oun Alshahrani

King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia.

Mohammed Faisal G. Alahmadi

Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.

Saleh Kamal Alzahrani

Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.

Wed Mohammed Khorami

Batterjee Medical College, Saudi Arabia.

Naif Mohammed Al-Wagdani

King Abdulaziz university- Rabigh Branch, Saudi Arabia.

Abdalrhman Nbil Bokhari

King Abdulaziz university- Rabigh Branch, Saudi Arabia.

Wafa Faisal W. Aljadrawi

Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia.

Abdulrahman Ghorom Malhan

King Abdullah Hospital, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding from the colon is a communal reason for hospitalization and is being more frequent in older patients. Gastrointestinal bleeding is known as any bleeding that takes place in the GIT from mouth to anus. Lower GI bleeding is defined as bleeding distal to the ligament of Treitz. Lower GI bleed is typically presented as hematochezia which is the passing of bright red blood clots or burgundy stools through the rectum. The causes of lower GI bleeding are changing over the past several decades from diverticulosis (which is the protrusion of the colon wall at the site of penetrating vessels), infectious colitis, ischemic colitis, angiodysplasia, inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, rectal varices, dieulafoy lesion, radiation-induced damage following cancer treatment to post-surgical. Management of lower GI bleeding is done through assessing the severity of symptoms and the condition of the overall case.

Keywords: GI bleeding, hematochezia, diverticulosis, lower GI


How to Cite

Hussein, M. S., Alshagawi, Z. A., Fateel, N. A. M. A., Alashhab, H. M., Mosleh, A. M., Almutawa, O. A., Alshahrani, A. O., Alahmadi, M. F. G., Alzahrani, S. K., Khorami, W. M., Al-Wagdani, N. M., Bokhari, A. N., Aljadrawi, W. F. W. and Malhan, A. G. (2021) “Causes and Management of Lower Gastro-Intestinal Bleeding”, Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(46A), pp. 629–635. doi: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i46A32907.