Prevalence and Age-Related Association of Abnormal Endocrine Changes among Women with Menstrual Disorder
Faizah Mughal *
Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University Karachi, Pakistan.
Ashok Kumar
Department of Anatomy, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan.
Jai Dev Maheshwari
Department of Community Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan.
Ali Nawaz Bijarani
Department of Pharmacology, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan.
Tayyaba Kazmi
Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University Karachi, Pakistan.
Ruqaya Nangrejo
Department of Anatomy, Baqai Medical University Karachi, Pakistan and Department of Physiology, Baqai Medical University Karachi, Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: The menstrual cycle describes the healthy reproductive system of the women which is controlled by different hormones.
Aim: The goal of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of irregular menstruation in different endocrine changes and to identify their association with the age of women in reproductive life.
Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted on women attending the gynecological clinic of Karachi from March 2019 to June 2019. Of the 165 women with different hormonal changes 100 presented with menstrual cycle abnormality.
Results: Among the women with menstrual irregularities 51% women presented with insulin resistance, 23% with hyperandrogenism, 19% with hypothyroidism and 7% hyperprolactinemia. Age-related association was observed in menstrual irregularities women with insulin resistant and hyperandrogenism.
Conclusion: Menstrual cycle is a physiological process, any irregularities in cycle can be caused by even minimal hormonal imbalance. As a result, it is critical to address endocrine abnormalities in order to improve women's reproductive health.
Keywords: Menstrual disorder, insulin resistance, hypothyroidism, hyperandrogenism, hyperprolactinemia, endocrine, hormone