Cytotoxicity of Eurycomanone and Fargesin in RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophages
Hanim Akmar Rosly
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Amira Nabila Mat Roof
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Salfarina Ramli
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia and Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institutes (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Visarut Buranasudja
Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Pornchai Rojsitthisak
Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand and Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Boonchoo Sritularak
Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand and Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Hasseri Halim *
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia and Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institutes (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Bioactive natural compounds derived from plants are the source for the development of new drugs. Numerous in vitro studies have explored the anti-inflammatory effect of eurycomanone and fargesin, derived from Eurycoma longifolia and Flosmagnoliae, respectively. However, before anti-inflammatory investigation is conducted, it is important to obtain the safe doses of these compounds to ensure the validity of the anti-inflammatory results. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of eurycomanone and fargesin towards macrophage RAW 264.7. cells to determine the safe doses of these compounds. Different concentrations of eurycomanone and fargesin were subjected to RAW 264.7 cells. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated by MTT assay and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of these compounds was determined. Morphological changes of RAW 264.7 cells upon exposure to these compounds were also observed. Eurycomanone exhibited its cytotoxic effect by reducing RAW 264.7 cell viability dose-dependently with the IC50 of 94.17 µM. Meanwhile, fargesin had slight cytotoxicity towards RAW 264.7 cells with the IC50 of 173.5µM. Eurycomanone was more cytotoxic towards RAW 264.7 cells compared to fargesin. In conclusion, eurycomanone and fargesin at concentration up to 25 µM, was not toxic to the RAW 264.7 murine macrophages cells and the findings can be applied in the future anti-inflammatory study.
Keywords: Cytotoxicity, eurycomanone, fargesin, RAW 264.7 cells, IC50