Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate Microspheres, Process Parameters for Enhanced Permeability and Liver Targeting
K. Sudhamani *
Department of pharmaceutics, Mallareddy Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
B. Jeevana Jyothi
Department of pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is a serious global health problem and one of the main causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis. Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate (TAF) is a prodrug of Tenofovir, a nucleotide analogue with limited oral bioavailability. TAF is considered to be a BCS Class III substance (high solubility, low permeability). The aim of the study was to develop the Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate (TAF) microspheres to improve permeability.
Study design: Preparation and Evaluation of Microspheres.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of pharmaceutics, Mallareddy Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, between January 2018 and June 2019.
Methodology: TAF loaded chitosan microspheres were prepared by emulsion cross linking method using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. The prepared microspheres were characterized by morphology, size distribution, encapsulation efficiency. The permeability study was evaluated by Ex-vivo permeation studies. The optimized formulation was subjected to FTIR studies to examine the Drug Excipient Compatibility.
Results: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies indicated that the microspheres are spherical in shape. The optimized formulation has average particle size of 11.00 ± 0.05 µm, the encapsulation efficiency 68
± 0.04% and the percentage (%) yield of 94%. FTIR studies indicated that the drug and polymer are compatable with each other. In Ex-vivo permeation studies of optimized formulation 80% of drug was permeated with in 60 min.
Conclusion: TAF microspheres could improve the absorption by increasing the permeability.
Keywords: Microspheres, emulsion cross linking, glutaraldehyde and Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate (TAF)