Etiology and Management of Hypoventilation Syndromes
Mohammed Salah Hussein
Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Dr Samir Abbas Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Monera Abdulrhman Mohammed Abdulhaq
Jazan university, Saudi Arabia.
Albadi Abdullah Anwar A
Jouf university, Saudi Arabia.
Morteda Jasim Alsalim
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal university, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulrahman Hafidh A. Alghamdi
Medical University of Silesia graduant, Poland.
Montadher Mahfoudh A. Alzidany
Psychiatric Hospital in Alhofof, Saudi Arabia.
Noor Khalid Abdulrazaq Aljarba
KSSH in Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Alqurashi, Qays Ahmad M
Royal college of surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
Rakan fahad Alsinaideh
Imam MohamMed bin Saud university, Saudi Arabia.
Tariq Fayadh Alanazi
Imam MohamMed bin Saud university, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed Mehthel Alqahtani
Imam MohamMed bin Saud university, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulrhman Abdulaziz Albrkheel
Imam Mohammed bin Saud Islamic university, Saudi Arabia.
Salman Fahad Alkhodairy
Imam Mohammed bin Saud Islamic university, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
A number of diseases affecting central ventilation, breathing mechanics or both, characterize hypoventilation syndromes. The incidence of hypoventilation syndromes varies according to the underlying reason. The hypoventilation syndrome's clinical symptoms are generally vague and are in most cases due to the underlying clinical condition. More individuals develop hypercapnia and hypoxemia as hypoventilation continues to worsen. Therefore, clinical indications of hypoxemia such as cyanosis, and evidence of hypercapnia may also be present. Regardless of the etiology, successful hypoventilation therapy focuses on the underlying illness and noninvasive ventilation. Treatment for these diseases includes integrated main disorder treatment and, increasingly, non-invasive positive pressure breathing. In this paper, we overview current evidence regarding different etiologies and management of hypoventilation syndromes. Data was collected during the period of 6 months searching Pubmed, EPISCO, Web of science, Google scholar databases to include papers with relative topics.
Keywords: ventilation, hypoventilation, positive pressure ventilation, obesity, congenital