How Nigella sativa Seeds Treat Diabetes and Ameliorates Diabetes Complications and Safety Studies: An Over View
Uzma Saleem *
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, G. C. University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Shakila Sabir
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, G. C. University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Bashir Ahmad
Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Nigella sativa is considered as a miracle drug. Although there is a list of diseases which can be treated by it but role of N.s seeds in treatment of diabetes is substantially important. There are multiple classes of antidiabetic agents which ameliorate the hyperglycemia by different ways. On the other hand, N.s as a single drug acts through multiple pathways to achieve normoglycemia. For instance, it enhances insulin production, glucose tolerance and beta cell proliferation. It reduces pancreatic inflammation, gluconeogenesis and glucose uptake from intestine. Interestingly, N.s not only improves the glycemic state but it also plays a significant role in the treatment of diabetes complications like neuropathy, nephropathy, cataract, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disturbances, haematological abnormalities and atherosclerosis.
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, diabetes, beta cell proliferation