Surgical Treatment of Adult Moyamoya Disease In Saudi Arabia: A Review Article

Bedour Eid H. Alatawi *

Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Faisal Saeed A. Al-Ghamdi

Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Muath Sulaiman G. Alhamdi

Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Raghad Dhafer E. ALamri

Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Lena Defallah G. Alzahrani

Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Norah Majed Albalawi

Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Sultan Suliman Q. Al-Ruwaili

Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Khaled Abdullah S. Alasmari

Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Marwan Saleh D. Albalawi

Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Ghadeer Abdullah Albalawi

Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an isolated chronic, usually bilateral, vasculopathy disease of undetermined etiology. The clinical presentations of MMD include TIA, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, seizures, headache, and cognitive impairment. Intra- and extra-cranial revascularization for the prevention of recurrence of bleeding in patients with hemorrhagic MMD is controversial. Surgical revascularization of MMD includes 3 types: Direct revascularization, indirect revascularization and combined revascularization. The surgical goal of cerebral revascularization is to prevent progression of symptomology, alleviate intracranial hemodynamic stress, and reduce the incidence of subsequent ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. However, surgical treatments pose various complications due to the sudden increase in cerebral blood flow or hemodynamic changes caused by perioperative risk factors and anesthesia, such as HS, cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction, bypass occlusion caused by distal vascular resistance, bypass occlusion caused by compression of the temporalis, and anastomotic aneurysm.

Keywords: Surgical treatment, moyamoya disease, TIA, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, seizures, headache, and cognitive impairment


How to Cite

Alatawi, B. E. H., Al-Ghamdi, F. S. A., Alhamdi, M. S. G., ALamri, R. D. E., Alzahrani, L. D. G., Albalawi, N. M., Al-Ruwaili, S. S. Q., Alasmari, K. A. S., Albalawi, M. S. D. and Albalawi, G. A. (2021) “Surgical Treatment of Adult Moyamoya Disease In Saudi Arabia: A Review Article”, Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(37A), pp. 145–153. doi: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i37A31990.