Phytochemical Analysis, HPLC Profiling and Anti-oxidant Potential of Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham
Muhammad Younus *
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad Mohtasheem ul Hasan
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Shakeel Ijaz
Quaid-e-Azam College of Pharmacy, Pakpatan Road, Sahiwal, Pakistan.
Razia Riaz
Hi-Tech Lab, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Khalil Ahmad
University College of Conventional Medicines, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Muhammad Hanif
Department of Pharmacy, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University, Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan.
Mohsin Abbas Khan
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Muhammad Abdullah
Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Muhammad Kamal Shah
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.
Uzair Nisar
Faculty of Pharmacy, Zia ud Din University, Karachi, Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Euphorbia nivulia (EN) one of the members of Euphorbiaceae family, is a medicinal plant of Cholistan Desert (Punjab, Pakistan) that is traditionally used for a number of diseases. The plant is enriched with many phyto-constituents including flavonoids, triterpenes and polyphenols. In present study, crude extract as well as various fractions were assessed for phytochemical analysis, HPLC profiling, radical scavenging property and total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Hydro-alcoholic (70%) crude extract of EN was subjected to fractionation using different solvents including n-hexane, chloroform, butanol and aqueous. After performing the phytochemical screening and HPLC profiling, antioxidant activity was estimated by using DPPH and FRAP assays. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents were also estimated. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols like quercitin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid and ferulic acid in crude extract as well as butanol and aqueous fractions. Results revealed that butanol fraction showed maximum phenolic (143.26±2.65 mg/g GA/g) and crude extract showed maximum flavonoid (69.80±1.212 mg/g Q) contents. Maximum antioxidant potential was displaced by butanol fraction which was IC50=0.04±0.02 by DPPH and 1193.77±12.4 μmol TE/ml by FRAP respectively. Current study is the first information about the HPLC profiling of phenolic compounds in EN and its antioxidant potential that could be a step forward towards ethno-pharmacological based phyto-medicine.
Keywords: Euphorbia nivulia, antioxidant, polyphenols, flavonoids, HPLC