Analysis of Renal Platinum Content as a Novel Approach to Protect against Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity: A Review
Yasmen F. Mahran
*
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Omkulthom M. Al Kamaly
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Cisplatin (cis-diamine-dichloroplatinum (II), CDDP) is a prominent member of the effective broad-spectrum antitumor drugs. However, its clinical usage is restricted due to serious side effects particularly nephrotoxicity. The vulnerability of the kidney to CDDP is almost certainly related to its primary role in the excretion of the drug as intact CDDP and its platinum containing products are excreted mainly in the urine. There is a correlation between the level of platinum in urine and nephrotoxicity because of renal uptake of the drug. Some analytical methods were applied for the determination of platinum content in biological fluids such as plasma, urine, serum, and peritoneal fluid. Studies have not documented a strong correlation between the renoprotective mechanism and the diminution of renal platinum content.
Keywords: Amino acids, cisplatin, HPLC, nephrotoxicity, novel renoprotective, renal uptake.