Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Gastrointestinal Study on the Leaf Extract of Stachytarpheta angustifolia Mill Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Rabbit Jejunum
M. Mohammed *
National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, P.M.B. 1052, Zaria, Nigeria.
A. Danmallam
National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, P.M.B. 1052, Zaria, Nigeria.
M. T. Kolo
National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, P.M.B. 1052, Zaria, Nigeria.
A. A. Abubakar
National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, P.M.B. 1052, Zaria, Nigeria.
M. Babakano
National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, P.M.B. 1052, Zaria, Nigeria.
U. M. Jajere
National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, P.M.B. 1052, Zaria, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
angustifolia (Verbenaceae) is mostly prescribed by the folkloric healers for various gastrointestinal disorders. This study was carried out to ascertain the gastrointestinal effect of the ethanol leaf extract and other various fractions (CHCl3, EtOAc, n- BuOH and residual aqueous) on rabbit Jejunum. The ethanol, n-butanol and residual aqueous of the extract exhibited dose concentration at (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/ml) dependent contraction of the rabbit Jejunum which was blocked by atropine suggesting that the observed pharmacological actions was mediated through the muscarinic receptors. In contrast, chloroform and ethylacetate fraction of the leaf extract exhibit dose concentration dependent relaxation of the rabbit jejunum. Intreperitoneal LD50 of the extract in mice was found to be 295.8 mg/kg. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycoside, sterols and terpenoids. The result indicated that, the plant extract possesses some pharmacological activity, hence justifying its use traditionally in alleviating gastrointestinal disorder.
Keywords: Stachytarpheta angustifolia, phytochemistry, gastrointestinal study, Jejunum