In vitro and In vivo Study of the Red Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Methanolic Extract Gel Effect on Acne
Christin Debora Bukit
Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, Universitas Prima Indonesia, 20118, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia.
I. Nyoman Ehrich Lister
Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, Universitas Prima Indonesia, 20118, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia.
Edy Fachrial *
Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, Universitas Prima Indonesia, 20118, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: To determine the effectiveness of Anti-Acne from the methanol extract of dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) by In vitro and In vivo assay.
Methods: This study was an experimental study using disc diffusion and microdilution methods as in vitro methods. Meanwhile, the topical application of dragon fruit peel extracts to P. acne-injected rats by In vivo method.
Results: Dragon fruit peels methanolic extract had MIC and MKC values of 50 mg/ml by In vitro assay. In addition, the dragon fruit peels methanolic extract as a gel showed significant improvement in acne vulgaris lesions after 7-14 days of extract administration (p-value < 0.05). The lesion improvement was demonstrated by decreasing the size of the lesion. It was supported by the regeneration of the epidermal structure of all groups that received dragon fruit peels extract gel compared to the control group that only received gel base.
Conclusion: Dragon fruit peels methanol extract has an antiacne effect in a physically stable gel form.
Keywords: Dragon fruit, peel, methanol, gel, antiacne
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Ayudianti P, Indramaya DM. Retrospective study: Factors aggravating acne vulgaris (retrospective study: factors aggravating acne vulgaris). Berk Genital Skin Health Sciences 2014;26:41–7. Available:https://doi.org/10.20473/bikk.V26.1.2014.1-7
Panonsih RN, Purwaningrum R, Efendi A, Desarta W. The relationship between stress and facial hygiene on the incidence of acne vulgaris in medical students at the University of Malahayati. Malahayati Nurs J 2021;3:11–8.
Available:https://doi.org/10.33024/manuju.v3i1.3398
Khairunnisa K, Rialita A, Mardhia M. Knowledge and behavior of facial hygiene against the incidence of acne vulgaris in middle school students in Mempawah Hilir. J Doctoral and Health Public Science Faculty of Medicine, Sriwij Univ 2021;8:25–32. Available:https://doi.org/10.32539/v8i1.11886
Agarwal S, Pillai A, Singh AP, Pareek R, Bhuptani N V. Drug utilization study of medications used for acne vulgaris in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Eur J Biomed Pharm Sci. 2016;3:311–5.
Subositi D, Wahyono S. Study of the Genus curcuma in Indonesia used as Traditional Herbal Medicines. Biodiversity. 2019;20:1356–61. Available:https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200527
Astridwiyanti AAB, Mahendra AN, Dewi NWS. Test the effectiveness of the ethanol extract of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 In vitro. Digest of Medical Science 2019;10:482–6. Available:https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v10i3.425
Hendra R, Masdeatresa L, Abdulah R, Haryani Y. Antibacterial activity of red dragon peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Pigment. J Phys Conf Ser 2019;1351. Available:https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1351/1/012042
Ridwan RD, Diyatri I, Juliastuti WS, Waskita FA, Ananda GC, Juliana NV. The Ability of Hylocereus polyrhizus to gram positive bacteria and Candida albicans. Biochem Cell Arch. 2020;20:0000–0000.
Afandi A, Lazim AM, Azwanida NN, Bakar MA, Airianah OB, Fazry S. Antibacterial properties of crude aqueous Hylocereus polyrhizus peel extracts in lipstick formulation against gram-positive and negative bacteria. Malaysian Appl Biol. 2017;46:29–34.
Mutia MS. Histology study of liver changes paracetamol-induced wistar rats treated with sunkist (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) extract. Am Sci Res J Eng Technol Sci. 2019;59:1–7.
Chiuman L, Ginting CN, Yulizal O, Suhartomi, Chiuman V. Improvement of liver function from lemon pepper fruit ethanol extract in streptozotocin-induced wistar rats. 2021 IEEE Int. Conf. Heal. Instruments. Meas. Nat. Sci., Medan, Indonesia: IEEE; 2021. Available:https://doi.org/10.1109/InHeNce52833.2021.9537284
Suhartomi, Gulo KN, Saragih AD, Martinus AR, Ikhtiari R. Antioxidant properties of sweet orange peels in several fractions of methanolic extract. Proc. int. Conf. Heal. Informatics Med. appl. Technol. - Vol. 1 ICHIMAT, Medan: Scitepress Digital Library. 2020;371–8. Available:https://doi.org/10.5220/0009515503710378
Widowati W, Rani AP, Amir Hamzah R, Arumwardana S, Afifah E, Kusuma HSW, et al. Antioxidant and antiaging assays of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract and its compounds. Nat Prod Sci. 2017;23:192–200. Available:https://doi.org/10.20307/nps.2017.23.3.192
Depari SAF, Jihan D, Rambe A, Meilando R, Lisya C, Mutia MS, et al. effectiveness test of sunkist orange peel (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) ethanol extract on blood sugar levels of wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with hypercholesterolemia. Biospecies. 2021;14:1–9.
Milanda T, Zuhrotun A, Nabila U, Gathera VA, Kusuma AS. Antibacterial activity of red yeast rice extract against propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827 and methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-1683. Pharmacol Clin Pharm Res. 2021;6:83. Available:https://doi.org/10.15416/pcpr.v6i2.35062
Julianti E, Rajah KK, Fidrianny I. Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Cinnamon bark, honey, and their combination effects against acne-causing bacteria. Sci Pharm. 2017;85.
Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm85020019
Safitri AT, Nur Adiratna N, Drajat S. I. Activity test of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) peel ethanol extract against propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria. J Farm Udayana 2020;9:66.
Available:https://doi.org/10.24843/jfu.2020.v09.i02.p01
Aslani A, Zolfaghari B, Davoodvandi F. Design, formulation and evaluation of an oral gel from Punica granatum flower extract for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Adv Pharm Bull 2016;6:391–8.
Available:https://doi.org/10.15171/apb.2016.051
Sing R, Bansal S, Mishra MK. Formulation and evaluation of herbal oral gel containing extracts of powdered Psidium guajava linn leaves with Curcuma longa linn rhizomes to treat mouth ulcers. Int J Drug Dev Res. 2020;12:1–7. Available:https://doi.org/10.36648/0975-9344.12.2.150
Lim HJ, Jeon YD, Kang SH, Shin MK, Lee KM, Jung SE, et al. Inhibitory effects of Euphorbia supina on Propionibacterium acnes-induced skin inflammation In vitro and In vivo. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18:1–9.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2320-8
An HJ, Lee WR, Kim KH, Kim JY, Lee SJ, Han SM, et al. Inhibitory effects of bee venom on propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammatory skin disease in an animal model. Int J Mol Med. 2014;34:1341–8.
Available:https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1933
Chen LW, Chung HL, Wang CC, Su JH, Chen YJ, Lee CJ. Anti-acne effects of cembrene diterpenoids from the cultured soft coral sinularia flexibilis. Mar Drugs. 2020;18:1–12.
Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/md18100487
Tsai TH, Huang WC, Lien TJ, Huang YH, Chang H, Yu CH, et al. Clove extract and eugenol suppress inflammatory responses elicited by Propionibacterium acnes in vitro and in vivo. Food Agric Immunol. 2017;28:916–31.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/09540105.2017.1320357
Pandey A, Tripathi S. Concept of standarization, extraction and pre phytochemical screening strategies for herbarl drug. J Pharmacogn Phytochem; 2014.
Dewi NPBT, Singapurwa NMAS, Mangku IGP. Extraction and Stability of natural dyes from the skin of red dragon fruit. SEAS (Sustainable Environ Agric Sciience). 2020;4:130–41.
Available:https://doi.org/10.22225/seas.4.2.2622.130-141
Vera Cruz DG, Paragas DS, Gutierrez RL, Antonino JP, Morales KS, Dacuycuy EA, et al. Characterization and assessment of phytochemical properties of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peels. Int J Agric Technol. 2022;18:1307–18.
Fidrianny I, Ilham N, Hartati R. Antioxidant profile and phytochemical content of different parts of super red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) collected from West Java-Indonesia. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2017;10:290–4.
Available:https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i12.21571
Wahdaningsih S, Untari EK, Fauziah Y. Antibakteri Fraksi n-Heksana Kulit Hylocereus polyrhizus Terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acnes. Pharm Sci Res 2014;1:180–93.
Available:https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v1i3.3490
Wahdaningsih S, Untari EK. The antibacterial activity of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus britton & rose) methanolic fraction against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. J Pharmascience. 2021;8:51–8. Available:https://doi.org/10.20527/jps.v8i2.10378
Azhari AQ, Mayasari D, Rusli R. Formulasi sediaan gel totol jerawat berbahan aktif ekstrak kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes. 14th Proceeding Mulawarman Pharm. Conf. 2021;hal.: 359–65. Available:https://doi.org/10.25026/mpc.v14i1.603
Jani TA, Hakim A, Juliantoni Y. Formulation and Evaluation of antioxidant peel-off face mask containing red dragon fruit rind extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus Haw.). J Biol Trop. 2020;20:438–45. Available:https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v20i3.2157