A Pilot Study of the Effects of Ajwa Date Seed Extract in a Diabetic Animal with Parallel Observations on Human Subjects
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International,
Page 23-33
DOI:
10.9734/jpri/2022/v34i38A36214
Abstract
Background: most diseases are inequality of the antioxidants, pro-oxidants, and failure in resolved inflammation. Diabetes is a metabolic malfunction associated with inflammation and ends with organs failure. Alternative treatments for diabetes include a lifestyle and an anti-inflammatory diet.
Method: we investigated the effects of dietary Ajwa dates seeds extract (AJSO) against alloxan monohydrate-induced biochemical changes. We analyzed the phytochemical components of AJSO with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. We determined the effects of oral AJSO on biochemical changes caused by alloxan monohydrate in rats. We also observed biochemical changes in human volunteers with or without Ajwa seed as caffeine-free coffee replacements.
Results: the results and outcomes confirmed the improvement in the rats’ biochemical analysis due to AJSO constituents. The treatment of AJSO after alloxan monohydrate injection significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decline the studied parameters NO, MDA, Amyloid A, CRP, and glucose concentrations by 47.2%, 34.8%, 55.6%, 47.4%and 60.0%, respectively, compared to treatment only with alloxan monohydrate. The volunteers treated with Ajwa seed as caffeine-free coffee replacements(group2) showed significant amelioration of inflammatory and diabetes markers as compared to the untreated group1. Group 2 showed a significant decrease in the concentration of serum NO (34.7%), MDA (43.9%), amyloid A (79.6%), CRP (60.9%), HbA1c (33.8%), Troponin T (16.4%), serum total cholesterol (14.2 %), TG (28.1%), LDL-C (6.1%), AST 8.8%, and ALT (11.6%) compared to Group1.
Conclusion: AJSO had a healthy impact by decreasing the levels of amyloid a, c-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and improving diabetes, lipid and liver profiles in both rats and human volunteers. Further long-term investigation of higher numbers and the different types and sexes is needed in progress to confirm and validate the results.
Keywords:
- Diabetes
- inflammation
- Ajwa dates seeds
- amyloid A
- C-reactive protein
- lipid peroxidation
How to Cite
References
Accessed: Apr. 25, 2022. [Online]. Available:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151343/.
Tsalamandris S, et al. The role of inflammation in diabetes: current concepts and future perspectives. Eur. Cardiol. Rev. 2019;14(1):50–59.
DOI: 10.15420/ECR.2018.33.1.
Hamouda AF. A biochemical study of chronic stress and chronic inflammation fibromyalgia,” Pharm. Pharmacol. Int. J. 2018;6(3):234–243.
DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2018.06.00181.
Hamouda AF. A pilot study of antistress effects of vitamin b complex and agarwood extract in an animal model with parallel observations on depression in human subjects. J. Drug Alcohol Res. 2021;11(3):1–13.
Sarfraz M, Khaliq T, Khan JA, Aslam B. Effect of aqueous extract of black pepper and ajwa seed on liver enzymes in alloxan-induced diabetic Wister albino rats. Saudi Pharm. J. May 2017;25(4):449–452.
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSPS.2017.04.004.
Hamouda AF, et al. Screening pilot study of fruit seed compositions by GC-MS and their potential scenario anti ACE2 and 2rh1 Receptors as a Recycling Possibility in the Coronavirus Pandemic. J. Clin. Med. Res. 2021;02(02):1–65.
DOI: 10.46889/JCMR.2021.2202.
Bolajoko E, Onyeaghala AA. Comparative proximate, phytochemical and mineral contents of freeze-dried and aqueous extracts of vernonia amygdalina del. Leaves and garcinia kola heckel seeds quality assurance of commonly consumed nutrition drinks view project effects of moringa on the. Int. J. Herbs Pharmacol. Res. 2020;9(1):2–13.
Accessed: Apr. 25, 2022. [Online].
Available:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343234839.
Fathi Hamouda A, et al. A screening pilot study on the relation between body mass index, heavy metal and mineral levels in college students. Electron. J. Biol. 2019;15(3):79–89. Accessed: Apr. 25, 2022. [Online].
Available:https://ejbio.imedpub.com/pa-screening-pilot-study-on-the-relation-between-body-mass-index-and-heavy-metal-and-mineral-levels-in-college-studentsp.pdf.
Vahdat A, Öllinger K, Westermark GT, Lundmark K, Vahdat Shariat Panahi A, Ollinger K€. Lipid membranes accelerate amyloid formation in the mouse model of AA amyloidosis. Amyloid J. Protein Fold. Disord. 2019;26(1):34–44.
DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2019.1576606.
Cai X, et al. The comparative study of Sprague-Dawley and Lewis rats in adjuvant-induced arthritis. Naunyn. Schmiedebergs. Arch. Pharmacol. May 2006;373(2):140–147.
DOI: 10.1007/S00210-006-0062-5/FIGURES/6.
Donath MY, Shoelson SE. Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2011;112:11(2):98–107.
DOI: 10.1038/nri2925.
Hull RL, Westermark GT, Westermark P, Kahn SE. Islet amyloid: A critical entity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Aug. 2004; 89(8):3629–3643.
DOI: 10.1210/JC.2004-0405.
Gupta D, Leahy JL. Islet amyloid and type 2 diabetes: overproduction or inadequate clearance and detoxification? J. Clin. Invest. Aug. 2014;124(8):3292–3294.
DOI: 10.1172/JCI77506.
Davies MJ, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. Dec. 2018;41(12):2669–2701.
DOI: 10.2337/DCI18-0033.
Powers MA, et al. Diabetes self-management education and support in type 2 diabetes: a joint position statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Diabetes Care. Jul. 2015;38(7):1372–1382, doi: 10.2337/DC15-0730.
Anwar S, et al. Role of ajwa date fruit pulp and seed in the management of diseases through in vitro and in silico analysis. Biology (Basel). 2022;11(1).
DOI: 10.3390/biology11010078.
Nathan DM, for the D. R. Group. The Diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study at 30 years: Overview. Diabetes Care. Jan. 2014;37(1):9–16.
DOI: 10.2337/DC13-2112.
Harding JL, Pavkov ME, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE, Gregg EW. Global trends in diabetes complications: a review of current evidence. Diabetologia. Jan. 2019;62(1):3–16.
DOI: 10.1007/S00125-018-4711-2/TABLES/5.
Esposito K, et al. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans: Role of oxidative stress. Circulation. Oct. 2002;106(16):2067–2072.
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000034509.14906.AE.
Zhang W, et al. Hyperglycemia and correlated high levels of inflammation have a positive relationship with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019. Mediators Inflamm. 2021; 2021(8812304).
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8812304.
Anderberg RJ, et al. Serum amyloid A and inflammation in diabetic kidney disease and podocytes. Lab. Invest. Mar. 2015; 95(3):250–262.
DOI: 10.1038/LABINVEST.2014.163.
de Luca C, Olefsky JM. Inflammation and insulin resistance. FEBS Lett., Jan. 2008;582(1):97–105.
DOI: 10.1016/J.FEBSLET.2007.11.057.
Shoelson SE, Lee J, Goldfine AB. Inflammation and insulin resistance. J. Clin. Invest. Jul. 2006; 116(7):1793–1801.
DOI: 10.1172/JCI29069.
Rehman K, Akash MSH. Mechanisms of inflammatory responses and development of insulin resistance: how are they interlinked? J. Biomed. Sci. Dec. 2016;23(87):1–18.
DOI: 10.1186/S12929-016-0303-Y.
Kulkarni RN, et al. Beta-cell-specific deletion of the Igf1 receptor leads to hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance but does not alter beta-cell mass. Nat. Genet. 2002;31(1):111–115.
DOI: 10.1038/NG872.
Xuan S, et al. Defective insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells lacking type 1 IGF receptor. J. Clin. Invest. Oct. 2002;110(7):1011–1019.
DOI: 10.1172/JCI15276.
Amemori S, et al. Oral dimethyl sulfoxide for systemic amyloid A amyloidosis complication in chronic inflammatory disease: a retrospective patient chart review. J. Gastroenterol. May 2006; 41(5):444–449.
DOI: 10.1007/S00535-006-1792-3.
Kumon Y, Suehiro T, Ikeda Y, Yoshida K, Hashimoto K, Ohno F. Influence of serum amyloid A protein on high-density lipoprotein in chronic inflammatory disease. Clin. Biochem. Dec. 1993;26(6):505–511.
DOI: 10.1016/0009-9120(93)80016-N.
Thompson D, Pepys MB, Wood SP. The physiological structure of human C-reactive protein and its complex with phosphocholine. Structure. 1999;7(2):169–177.
DOI: 10.1016/S0969-2126(99)80023-9.
Karakus N, Yigit S, Inanir A, Inanir S, Toprak H, Okan S. Association between sequence variations of the Mediterranean fever gene and fibromyalgia syndrome in a cohort of Turkish patients. Clin. Chim. Acta. Dec. 2012;414:36–40.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.07.019.
El-Far A, et al. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) protection and remedy food. Curr. Trends Nutraceuticals. 2016;1:2. Accessed: Apr. 27, 2022. [Online].
Available: http://www.imedpub.com/.
Qadir A, Shakeel F, Ali A, Faiyazuddin M. Phytotherapeutic potential and pharmaceutical impact of Phoenix dactylifera (date palm): current research and future prospects. J. Food Sci. Technol. Apr. 2020;57(4):1191–1204.
DOI: 10.1007/S13197-019-04096-8/FIGURES/4.
Al-Alawi R, Al-Mashiqri JH, Al-Nadabi JSM, Al-Shihi BI, Baqi Y. Date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Natural products and therapeutic options. Front. Plant Sci. May 2017;8:845.
DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2017.00845/BIBTEX.
Juma Mohamed AA, Vuai LA, Kombo M, Chukwuma OJ. Removal of selected metal ions using powder of seeds of Ajwaa dates from aqueous solution. J. Anal. Pharm. Res. 2019,vol. 8(6):228–232,
DOI: 10.15406/JAPLR.2019.08.00343.
Saryono S. Date seeds drinking as antidiabetic: A systematic review. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. May 2019;255(1).
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/255/1/012018.
-
Abstract View: 76 times
PDF Download: 24 times
