Post COVID-19 Organizing Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International,
Page 259-270
DOI:
10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i38B32122
Abstract
Introduction: Several observational studies have found parallels between COVID-19 pneumonia and organizing pneumonia (OP). This study aims to investigate the published literature of OP related to COVID-19, estimates the prevalence of OP among COVID-19 patients, and assesses the risk or COVID-19 severity associated with OP.
Methodology: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic electronic search through PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, and Google Scholar was conducted to include relevant and eligible literature. The authors used Review Manager 5.4 to perform quantitative data synthesis for the condition of interest analyses.
Results: A total of 9 eligible study articles and 12 case reports were included in this study. The estimated pooled organizing pneumonia prevalence among COVID-19 patients was 45.6% [23.1%-68.2%]. The association between OP and severe COVID-19 infection revealed a pooled OR [95% CI] of 5.22 [-0.96-11.41].
Conclusion: COVID-19 patients had a rather high OP prevalence (43%). Surprisingly, cancer patients with COVID-19 infection had the lowest OP prevalence. OP was identified as a possible risk factor for the severity of COVID-19 infection.
Keywords:
- COVID-19
- organizing pneumonia
- secondary organizing pneumonia
How to Cite
Alanazi, T. K. A., Alahmari, N. F. A., Qubays, F. E. I., Alenezi, S. H. ibraheem and Alenezi, M. F. M. (2021) “Post COVID-19 Organizing Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”, Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(38B), pp. 259-270. doi: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i38B32122.
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Vasu TS, Cavallazzi R, Hirani A, Sharma D, Weibel SB, Kane GC. Clinical and radiologic distinctions between secondary bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. Respiratory Care. 2009;54(8):1028-32.
Li X, Ma X. Acute respiratory failure in COVID-19: Is it “typical” ARDS? Crit Care. 2020;24:198.
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Copin MC, Parmentier E, Duburcq T, Poissy J, Mathieu D. Time to consider histologic pattern of lung injury to treat critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection. Intensive care medicine. 2020;46(6):1124-6.
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Available:https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 [accessed on 10 June 2021].
Tyrrell DA, Bynoe ML. Cultivation of viruses from a high proportion of patients with colds. Lancet. 1966;76.
World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard.
Available:https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 [accessed on June 10 2021].
Docherty AB, Harrison EM, Green CA, Hardwick HE, Pius R, Norman L, Holden KA, Read JM, Dondelinger F, Carson G, Merson L. Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO clinical characterisation protocol: Prospective observational cohort study. BMJ. 2020;369.
Grasselli G, Pesenti A, Cecconi M. Critical care utilization for the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: Early experience and forecast during an emergency response. Jama. 2020;323(16):1545-6.
Cottin V, Cordier JF. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. In seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine. Thieme Medical Publishers. 2012;33:05:462-475.
Kligerman SJ, Franks TJ, Galvin JR. From the radiologic pathology archives: Organization and fibrosis as a response to lung injury in diffuse alveolar damage, organizing pneumonia, and acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia. Radiographics. 2013;33(7):1951-75.
Drakopanagiotakis F, Paschalaki K, Abu-Hijleh M, Aswad B, Karagianidis N, Kastanakis E, Braman SS, Polychronopoulos V. Cryptogenic and secondary organizing pneumonia: Clinical presentation, radiographic findings, treatment response, and prognosis. Chest. 2011;139(4):893-900.
Cordier JF. Cryptogenic organising pneumonia. European Respiratory Journal. 2006;28(2):422-46.
Chong WH, Saha BK, Chopra A. Does COVID-19 Pneumonia signify secondary organizing pneumonia?: A narrative review comparing the similarities between these two distinct entities. Heart and Lung; 2021.
Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews. 2016;5(1):1-10.
Wells GA, Shea B, O'Connell DA, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, Tugwell P. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses; 2000.
Gagnier JJ, Kienle G, Altman DG, Moher D, Sox H, Riley D. Care group. The care guidelines: Consensus‐based clinical case reporting guideline development.
Kanaoka K, Minami S, Ihara S, Tanaka T, Yasuoka H, Komuta K. Secondary organizing pneumonia after coronavirus disease 2019: Two cases. Respiratory Medicine Case Reports. 2021;32:101356.
Okamori S, Lee H, Kondo Y, Akiyama Y, Kabata H, Kaneko Y, Ishii M, Hasegawa N, Fukunaga K. Coronavirus disease 2019-associated rapidly progressive organizing pneumonia with fibrotic feature: Two case reports. Medicine. 2020;99(35).
Horii H, Kamada K, Nakakubo S, Yamashita Y, Nakamura J, Nasuhara Y, Konno S. Rapidly progressive organizing pneumonia associated with COVID-19. Respiratory Medicine Case Reports. 2020;31:101295.
Tamura K, Nishioka S, Tamura N, Saito Z, Kuwano K. Successful treatment with steroid pulse therapy for secondary organizing pneumonia with respiratory failure due to COVID-19: A single-center case series. Authorea Preprints; 2020.
Seo H, Jung J, Kim MJ, Jang SJ, Kim SH. Radiologically suspected organizing pneumonia in a patient recovering from COVID-19: A case report. Infection and Chemotherapy. 2021;53.
Bae IG, Hong KW, Yang JW, Moon K, Kim JD, Ju S, Cho MC. Persistent pneumonic consolidations due to secondary organizing pneumonia in a patient recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia: A case report; 2020.
Cappannoli L, Telesca A, Scacciavillani R, Petrolati E, Smargiassi A, Rabini A, Massetti M, Crea F, Aspromonte N. A nontrivial differential diagnosis in COVID-19 pandemic: A case report and literary review of amiodarone induced interstitial pneumonia. Future Cardiology; 2020.
Simões JP, Ferreira AR, Almeida PM, Trigueiros F, Braz A, Inácio JR, Medeiros FC, Braz S, de Lacerda AP. Organizing pneumonia and COVID-19: A report of two cases. Respiratory Medicine Case Reports. 2021;32:101359.
Al Zaki A, Al Argan R, Al Said A, Al Kuwaiti F. Secondary bacterial organizing pneumonia in a patient recovered from COVID-19 disease: A case report. Case Reports in Clinical Medicine. 2021;10(02):46.
Wu Y, Xie YL, Wang X. Longitudinal CT findings in COVID-19 pneumonia: Case presenting organizing pneumonia pattern. Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging. 2020 ;2(1):e200031.
Funk GC, Nell C, Pokieser W, Thaler B, Rainer G, Valipour A. Organizing pneumonia following Covid19 pneumonia. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2021;1-4.
Horii H, Kamada K, Nakakubo S, Yamashita Y, Nakamura J, Nasuhara Y, Konno S. Rapidly progressive organizing pneumonia associated with COVID-19. Respiratory Medicine Case Reports. 2020;31:101295.
Jeong YJ, Da Nam B, Yoo JY, Kim KI, Kang H, Hwang JH, Kim YH, Lee KS. Prognostic implications of CT feature analysis in patients with COVID-19: A nationwide cohort study. Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2021;36(8).
Kim YS, Kang UR, Kim YH. The spectrum of CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia: Acute alveolar insult and organizing pneumonia as different phases of lung injury and repair. Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology. 2021;82(2).
Cereser L, Da Re J, Zuiani C, Girometti R. Chest high-resolution computed tomography is associated to short-time progression to severe disease in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Clinical Imaging. 2021;70:61-6.
Cereser L, Girometti R, Da Re J, Marchesini F, Como G, Zuiani C. Inter-reader agreement of high-resolution computed tomography findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: A multi-reader study. La Radiologia Medica. 2021;126(4):577-84.
Carvalho A, Cunha R, Lima BA, Pereira JM, Madureira AJ. Chest CT imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia: First radiological insights from Porto, Portugal. European Journal of Radiology Open. 2020;7:100294.
Werberich GM, Marchiori E, Barreto MM, Rodrigues RS. Computed tomography findings in a Brazilian cohort of 48 patients with pneumonia due to coronavirus disease. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. 2020; 53.
Rodríguez‐Tajes S, Miralpeix A, Costa J, López‐Suñé E, Laguno M, Pocurull A, Lens S, Mariño Z, Forns X. Low risk of hepatitis B reactivation in patients with severe COVID‐19 who receive immunosuppressive therapy. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 2021;28(1):89-94.
Ramtohul T, Cabel L, Paoletti X, Chiche L, Moreau P, Noret A, Vuagnat P, Cherel P, Tardivon A, Cottu P, Bidard FC. Quantitative CT extent of lung damage in COVID-19 pneumonia is an independent risk factor for inpatient mortality in a population of cancer patients: A prospective study. Frontiers in Oncology. 2020;10:1560.
Elsoukkary SS, Mostyka M, Dillard A, Berman DR, Ma LX, Chadburn A, Yantiss RK, Jessurun J, Seshan SV, Borczuk AC, Salvatore SP. Autopsy findings in 32 patients with COVID-19: A single-institution experience. Pathobiology. 2021;88(1):55-67.
Borczuk AC, Salvatore SP, Seshan SV, Patel SS, Bussel JB, Mostyka M, Elsoukkary S, He B, Del Vecchio C, Fortarezza F, Pezzuto F. COVID-19 pulmonary pathology: A multi-institutional autopsy cohort from Italy and New York City. Modern Pathology. 2020 ;33(11):2156-68.
Pan F, Ye T, Sun P, Gui S, Liang B, Li L, Zheng D, Wang J, Hesketh RL, Yang L, Zheng C. Time course of lung changes at chest CT during recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Radiology. 2020;295(3):715-721.
DOI:10.1148/radiol.2020200370. Epub 2020 Feb 13.
Shi H, Han X, Jiang N, Cao Y, Alwalid O, Gu J, Fan Y, Zheng C. Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020;20(4):425-34.
Ding X, Xu J, Zhou J, Long Q. Chest CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia by duration of symptoms. European Journal of Radiology. 2020;127:109009.
Bernheim A, Mei X, Huang M, Yang Y, Fayad ZA, Zhang N, Diao K, Lin B, Zhu X, Li K, Li S. Chest CT findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to duration of infection. Radiology. 2020:200463.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506.
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. Epub 2020 Jan 24. Erratum in: Lancet. 2020 Jan 30;: PMID: 31986264; PMCID: PMC7159299.
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, Wang Y, Song B, Gu X, Guan L. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62.
Roden AC, Bois MC, Johnson TF, Aubry MC, Alexander MP, Hagen CE, Lin PT, Quinton RA, Maleszewski JJ, Boland JM. The spectrum of histopathologic findings in lungs of patients with fatal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2021;145(1): 11-21.
DOI:10.5858/arpa.2020-0491-SA. PMID: 32821902.
Vasu TS, Cavallazzi R, Hirani A, Sharma D, Weibel SB, Kane GC. Clinical and radiologic distinctions between secondary bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. Respiratory Care. 2009;54(8):1028-32.
Li X, Ma X. Acute respiratory failure in COVID-19: Is it “typical” ARDS? Crit Care. 2020;24:198.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02911-9
Buja LM, Wolf DA, Zhao B, Akkanti B, McDonald M, Lelenwa L, Reilly N, Ottaviani G, Elghetany MT, Trujillo DO, Aisenberg GM. The emerging spectrum of cardiopulmonary pathology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Report of 3 autopsies from Houston, Texas, and review of autopsy findings from other United States cities. Cardiovascular Pathology. 2020;48:107233.
Copin MC, Parmentier E, Duburcq T, Poissy J, Mathieu D. Time to consider histologic pattern of lung injury to treat critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection. Intensive care medicine. 2020;46(6):1124-6.
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