Analysis of Benzodiazepines Utilization Other than Mental Disorder at District Sukkur Pakistan
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International,
Page 27-32
DOI:
10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i331156
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to evaluate the prescribing ratio of benzodiazepines in the patients suffering from a disease other than a mental disorder. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at 24 different community pharmacies and medical stores of District Sukkur. Participants with age more than 18 years and using Benzodiazepines were included in this study. Average age of the Participants, who were participated, was 38 ± 20 years. From the 177 study subjects who visited the community pharmacies or medical stores for the purchase of benzodiazepines 104 were male and remaining 73 were female. From 177 patients 132 were married and remaining 45 were unmarried or widow. It was concluded that the consumption of benzodiazepine drugs is terrifyingly very high, especially as a self-medication without any prescription.
Keywords:
- Benzodiazepines
- community pharmacies
- utilization
- prescription
- mental disorder.
How to Cite
Khan, N., Ali, S., Ahmed, Z., Metlo, M., Ali, A., Muhammad, S., Jamali, N. H., Ahmer, A., Khan, S., Rehman, A.- ur-, Ahmed, T., & Arain, S. P. (2021). Analysis of Benzodiazepines Utilization Other than Mental Disorder at District Sukkur Pakistan. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(3), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i331156
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Husain N, Chaudhry I, Afsar S, Creed F. Psychological distress among patients attending a general medical outpatient clinic in Pakistan. General hospital psychiatry. 2004;26(4):277-81.
Swartz M, Landerman R, George LK, Melville ML, Blazer D, Smith K. Benzodiazepine anti-anxiety agents: prevalence and correlates of use in a southern community. American Journal of Public Health. 1991;81(5):592-6.
Maschinsk J, Haskins KE. Abbott I, Burrows N, eds. Fire in ecosystems of South-West Western Australia: Impacts and management. Leiden, The Netherlands: Backhuys. Ackerly, DD 2003. Community assembly, niche conservatism, and adaptive evolution in changing environments. International Journal of Plant Science. 2003;164:S163–84.
Fourrier A, Letenneur L, Dartigues J, Moore N, Bégaud B. Benzodiazepine use in an elderly community-dwelling population. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2001;57(5):419-25.
Martin JL, Sainz-Pardo M, Furukawa TA, Martin-Sanchez E, Seoane T, Galan C. Benzodiazepines in generalized anxiety disorder: heterogeneity of outcomes based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2007;21(7):774-82.
Buscemi N, Vandermeer B, Friesen C, Bialy L, Tubman M, Ospina M, Klassen TP, Witmans M. The efficacy and safety of drug treatments for chronic insomnia in adults: A meta-analysis of RCTs. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2007;22(9):1335-50.
Baldwin DS, Anderson IM, Nutt DJ, Bandelow B, Bond A, Davidson JR, den Boer JA, Fineberg NA, Knapp M, Scott J, Wittchen HU. British Association for Psychopharmacology. Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol. 2005;19(6):567-96.
Morgenthaler TI, Lee-Chiong T, Alessi C, Friedman L, Aurora RN, Boehlecke B, Brown T, Chesson Jr AL, Kapur V, Maganti R, Owens J. Standards of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Practice parameters for the clinical evaluation and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine report. Sleep. 2007;30(11):1445-59.
Schutte-Rodin S, Broch L, Buysse D, Dorsey C, Sateia M. Clinical guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic insomnia in adults. Journal of clinical sleep medicine. 2008;4(5):487-504.
Smith MT, Perlis ML, Park A, Smith MS, Pennington J, Giles DE, Buysse DJ. Comparative meta-analysis of pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy for persistent insomnia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;159(1):5-11.
Voshaar RC, Couvée JE, Van Balkom AJ, Mulder PG, Zitman FG. Strategies for discontinuing long-term benzodiazepine use: meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2006;189(3):213-20.
Rickels K, Schweizer E, Case WG, Greenblatt DJ. Long-term therapeutic use of benzodiazepines: I. Effects of abrupt discontinuation. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1990;47(10):899-907.
Fenton MC, Keyes KM, Martins SS, Hasin DS. The role of a prescription in anxiety medication use, abuse, and dependence. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2010;167(10):1247-53.
Zisselman MH, Rovner BW, Kelly KG, Woods C. Benzodiazepine utilization in a university hospital. American Journal of Medical Quality. 1994;9(3):138-41.
Nakao M, Sato M, Nomura K, Yano E. Benzodiazepine prescription and length of hospital stay at a Japanese university hospital. Bio Psycho Social Medicine. 2009;3(1):10.
Khawaja MR, Majeed A, Malik F, Merchant KA, Maqsood M, Malik R, Mazahir S, Naqvi H. Prescription pattern of benzodiazepines for inpatients at a tertiary care university hospital in Pakistan. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. 2005;55(6):259.
Kapczinski F, Amaral OB, Madruga M, Quevedo J, Busnello JV, de Lima MS. Use and misuse of benzodiazepines in Brazil: a review. Substance use & misuse. 2001;36(8):1053-69.
Patel MJ, Ahmer S, Khan F, Qureshi AW, Shehzad MF, Muzaffar S. Benzodiazepine use in medical out-patient clinics: a study from a developing country. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. 2013;63(6): 717.
Mehta DK. British National Formulary. UK: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. And RPS Publishing. 2006;52:176-83.
Substance abuse and mental health services administration. Results from the 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Summary of National Findings. Rockville, MD: Office of Applied Studies. 2002;1
Ahmer S, Salamat S, Khan RA, Iqbal SP, Haider II, Khan AS, Zafar M. Pattern of benzodiazepine use in psychiatric outpatients in Pakistan: a cross-sectional survey. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health. 2009;5(1):9.
Husain N, Chaudhry I, Afsar S, Creed F. Psychological distress among patients attending a general medical outpatient clinic in Pakistan. General hospital psychiatry. 2004;26(4):277-81.
Swartz M, Landerman R, George LK, Melville ML, Blazer D, Smith K. Benzodiazepine anti-anxiety agents: prevalence and correlates of use in a southern community. American Journal of Public Health. 1991;81(5):592-6.
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