Awareness on Lead Poisoning among College Students
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International,
Page 1-11
DOI:
10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2130744
Abstract
Lead is a highly toxic heavy metal. Chronic exposure to lead levels is responsible for significant health effects, particularly in children. Prevention remains the best option for reducing childhood lead exposure, however the knowledge, attitudes and practices to lead exposure is mainly in developing countries. The aim of this study is to create awareness on lead poisoning among college students. A questionnaire survey was conducted among college students through an online survey planet link. A total of 165 students have responded to the survey, a validated questionnaire consists of 20 questions distributed to assess their knowledge and awareness on lead poisoning among the college students. 67% of the participants were aware of lead poisoning and 33% not aware of it. 60% of the participants agreed that water contains lead. The responses have been taken and results were statistically analysed. Seminars and workshops may be conducted to create awareness on the risk factors of lead poisoning in the community.
Keywords:
- Lead poisoning
- survey planet
- college students
- online survey
How to Cite
Shreejha, M. V., Priya, V. V., & Gayathri, R. (2020). Awareness on Lead Poisoning among College Students. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 32(21), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2130744
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Chen XX, Teng HH, Wang FZ, et al. Blood lead level and related risk factors among children aged 0-6 years in Beijing]. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 2003;24(10):868–871.
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Harvey B. Managing elevated blood lead levels among young children: Recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention; 2002. Available at: https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/25896/cdc_25896_DS1.pdf.
Hauptman M, Bruccoleri R and Woolf AD. An Update on Childhood Lead Poisoning. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 2017;18(3):181–192.
Huang R, Ning H, Baum CR, et al. (2017) ‘What do you know?’——knowledge among village doctors of lead poisoning in children in rural China. BMC public health 17(1): 895.
Jainu M, Priya V and Mohan S (2018) Biochemical evidence for the antitumor potential of Garcinia mangostana Linn. On diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic carcinoma. Pharmacognosy Magazine. DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_213_17.
Ke Y, Al Aboody MS, Alturaiki W, et al. (2019) Photosynthesized gold nanoparticles from Catharanthus roseus induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology 47(1): 1938–1946.
Kim H-C, Jang T-W, Chae H-J, et al. (2015) Evaluation and management of lead exposure. Annals of occupational and environmental medicine 27: 30.
Lin S-H, Wang X-R, Yu ITS, et al. (2012) Lead powder use for skin care and elevated blood lead level among children in a Chinese rural area. Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology 22(2): 198–203.
Mohan SK and Jainu M (2014) Effect of Pioglitazone, Quercetin, and Hydroxy Citric Acid on the Lipid Profile and Lipoproteins in Experimentally Induced Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Indian Journal Of Pharmaceutical Education And Research. DOI: 10.5530/ijper.48.1.6.
Nair DS. A Study to Assess the Knowledge on Lead Poisoning among Students of Selected Colleges at Bangalore Urban With a View to Develop an Information Booklet. International Journal for Advance Research and Development. 2018;3(1):6–7.
Riva MA, Lafranconi A, D’orso MI, et al. Lead Poisoning: Historical Aspects of a Paradigmatic ‘Occupational and Environmental Disease’. Safety And Health At Work. 2012;3(1):11–16.
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Wu F, Zhu J, Li G, et al. Biologically synthesized green gold nanoparticles from Siberian ginseng induce growth-inhibitory effect on melanoma cells (B16). Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology. 2016;47(1):3297–3305.
Yu Y, Li Q, Wang H, et al. Exposure risk of young population to lead: A case study in Le’an River Basin in Jiangxi Province, China. Environmental Pollution. 2016;209:140–146.
Zheng H, Lin WX, Hu HY, et al. [Effects of low-level lead exposure on the neurobehavioral development of infants and early intervention]. Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]. 2008;42(3):165–168.
Chen F, Tang Y, Sun Y, et al. 6-shogaol, a active constiuents of ginger prevents UVB radiation mediated inflammation and oxidative stress through modulating NrF2 signaling in human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology 2019;197:111518.
Chen XX, Teng HH, Wang FZ, et al. Blood lead level and related risk factors among children aged 0-6 years in Beijing]. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 2003;24(10):868–871.
Debnath B, Singh WS, Manna K. Sources and toxicological effects of lead on human health. Indian Journal of Medical Specialities 10(2). Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd. 2019;66.
Gan H, Zhang Y, Zhou Q, et al. Zingerone induced caspase‐dependent apoptosis in MCF‐7 cells and prevents 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene‐induced mammary carcinogenesis in experimental rats. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology; 2019.
Haman T, Mathee A, Swart A. Low Levels of Awareness of Lead Hazards among Pregnant Women in a High Risk—Johannesburg Neighbourhood. International journal of environmental research and public health 12(12). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. 2015;15022–15027.
Harvey B. Managing elevated blood lead levels among young children: Recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention; 2002. Available at: https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/25896/cdc_25896_DS1.pdf.
Hauptman M, Bruccoleri R and Woolf AD. An Update on Childhood Lead Poisoning. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 2017;18(3):181–192.
Huang R, Ning H, Baum CR, et al. (2017) ‘What do you know?’——knowledge among village doctors of lead poisoning in children in rural China. BMC public health 17(1): 895.
Jainu M, Priya V and Mohan S (2018) Biochemical evidence for the antitumor potential of Garcinia mangostana Linn. On diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic carcinoma. Pharmacognosy Magazine. DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_213_17.
Ke Y, Al Aboody MS, Alturaiki W, et al. (2019) Photosynthesized gold nanoparticles from Catharanthus roseus induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology 47(1): 1938–1946.
Kim H-C, Jang T-W, Chae H-J, et al. (2015) Evaluation and management of lead exposure. Annals of occupational and environmental medicine 27: 30.
Lin S-H, Wang X-R, Yu ITS, et al. (2012) Lead powder use for skin care and elevated blood lead level among children in a Chinese rural area. Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology 22(2): 198–203.
Mohan SK and Jainu M (2014) Effect of Pioglitazone, Quercetin, and Hydroxy Citric Acid on the Lipid Profile and Lipoproteins in Experimentally Induced Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Indian Journal Of Pharmaceutical Education And Research. DOI: 10.5530/ijper.48.1.6.
Nair DS. A Study to Assess the Knowledge on Lead Poisoning among Students of Selected Colleges at Bangalore Urban With a View to Develop an Information Booklet. International Journal for Advance Research and Development. 2018;3(1):6–7.
Riva MA, Lafranconi A, D’orso MI, et al. Lead Poisoning: Historical Aspects of a Paradigmatic ‘Occupational and Environmental Disease’. Safety And Health At Work. 2012;3(1):11–16.
Schultz SM. International Implications of Lead Poisoning in School Aged Children. Global Education Review; 2016.
Available:https://ger.mercy.edu/index.php/ger/article/view/258 (accessed 29 June 2020).
Wani AL, Ara A and Usmani JA. Lead toxicity: a review. Interdisciplinary Toxicology; 2015.
DOI: 10.1515/intox-2015-0009.
Wu F, Zhu J, Li G, et al. Biologically synthesized green gold nanoparticles from Siberian ginseng induce growth-inhibitory effect on melanoma cells (B16). Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology. 2016;47(1):3297–3305.
Yu Y, Li Q, Wang H, et al. Exposure risk of young population to lead: A case study in Le’an River Basin in Jiangxi Province, China. Environmental Pollution. 2016;209:140–146.
Zheng H, Lin WX, Hu HY, et al. [Effects of low-level lead exposure on the neurobehavioral development of infants and early intervention]. Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]. 2008;42(3):165–168.
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