Effect of Nano-hydroxyapatite Crystal Incorporated Herbal Dentifrice on Remineralization of Incipient Caries Lesion- A Pilot Study
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International,
Page 13-19
DOI:
10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2030724
Abstract
Fluoridated dentifrices are considered as an effective method for preventing dental caries. Nano-hydroxyapatite crystals which have remineralizing potential can be combined with herbs with antimicrobial activity and used as a dentifrice without any risks like cytotoxicity and adverse effects. Nano-hydroxyapatite crystals are formulated by wet chemical precipitation method and tested using X-ray diffractometer. An herbal dentifrice is formulated from extract of Salvadora persica to which Nano-hydroxyapatite crystals are added. A 3x3mm wide window has been created in 14 extracted first premolars which are then processed through a pH cycling for 7 days. The depth of the lesion is assessed using a confocal microscope. The difference in mean depth of the lesion between test dentifrice (Herbal dentifrice with Hydroxyapatite) (240.33.± 23.47) and fluoride dentifrice (272.75±29.38) was found to be statistically significant. Herbal dentifrice with Hydroxyapatite group mean depth of the lesion was 763.13+66.18 before and 240.33+23.48 after the remineralization cycle. In the Fluoride dentifrice group the mean depth of the lesion is 763.14±66.18 before and 272.55+29.38 after the pH cycle. Herbal dentifrice incorporated with hydroxyapatite had higher remineralizing potential compared to a fluoride dentifrice.
Keywords:
- Dental caries
- fluorides
- herbal medicine
- hydroxyapatites
- in vitro techniques
- primary prevention
- toothpastes
How to Cite
Kengadaran, S., Sakthi, S., Anusha, D., Arumugham, I. M., & Kumar, R. P. (2020). Effect of Nano-hydroxyapatite Crystal Incorporated Herbal Dentifrice on Remineralization of Incipient Caries Lesion- A Pilot Study. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 32(20), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2030724
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Prabakar J, John J, Arumugham IM, et al. Comparing the effectiveness of probiotic, green tea, and chlorhexidine- and fluoride-containing dentifrices on oral microbial flora: A double-blind, randomized clinical Trial. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018;9:560–569.
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Pratha AA, Ashwatha Pratha A, Prabakar J. Comparing the effect of carbonated and energy drinks on salivary pH- in vivo Randomized controlled trial. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2019;12:4699.
Kumar RP, Pradeep Kumar R, Vijayalakshmi B. Assessment of fluoride concentration in ground water in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2017;10:309.
Kumar RP, Pradeep Kumar R, Preethi R. Assessment of water quality and pollution of porur, chembarambakkam and puzhallake. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2017;10:2157.
Neralla M, Jayabalan J, George R, et al. Role of nutrition in rehabilitation of patients following surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019;10:3197–3203.
Harini G, Leelavathi L. Nicotine replacement therapy for smokingcessation-an overview. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2019;10: 3588.
Pavithra RP, Preethi Pavithra R, Jayashri P. Influence of naturally occurring phytochemicals on oral health. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2019;12:3979.
Kannan SSD, Kumar VS, Rathinavelu PK, et al. Awareness and attitude towards mass disaster and its management among house surgeons in a dental college and hospital in Chennai, India. Disaster Management and Human Health Risk V. Epub Ahead of Print; 2017.
DOI:10.2495/dman170121
Mathew MG, Samuel SR, Soni AJ, et al. Evaluation of adhesion of Streptococcus mutans, plaque accumulation on zirconia and stainless steel crowns, and surrounding gingival inflammation in primary molars: randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig. Epub Ahead of Print; 2020.
DOI:10.1007/s00784-020-03204-9
Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB. Dental caries. The Lancet. 2007;369:51–59.
Scully C, Dios PD, Kumar N. Special care in dentistry: Handbook of Oral Health Care; 2006.
Marinho VCC. Cochrane reviews of randomized trials of fluoride therapies for preventing dental caries. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2009;10: 183–191.
Shulman JD, Wells LM. Acute fluoride toxicity from ingesting home-use dental products in children, birth to 6 years ofage. Journal of Public Health Dentistry. 1997; 57:150–158.
Haghgoo R, Ahmadvand M, Moshaverinia S. Remineralizing effect of topical novamin and nano-hydroxyapatite on caries-like Lesions in Primary teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2016;17:645–649.
Kawasaki K, Kambara M. Effects of Ion-Releasing Tooth-Coating Material on Demineralization of Bovine Tooth Enamel. Int. J. Dent. 2014;2014:1–7.
Arends J, Christoffersen J. Invited Review Article. J. Dent. Res. 1986;65:2–11.
Nguyen S, Hiorth M. Advanced drug delivery systems for local treatment of the oral cavity. TherDeliv. 2015;6:595– 608.
Harris NO, García-Godoy F, Nathe CN. Primary Preventive Dentistry: Pearson New International Edition; 2013.
Fejerskov O, Kidd E. Dental Caries: The Disease and Its Clinical Management. John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
Newbrun E. Current regulations and recommendations concerning water fluoridation, fluoride supplements, and topical fluoride agents. J Dent Res. 1992; 71:1255–1265.
Ismail AI, Tellez M, Pitts NB, et al. Caries management pathways preserve dental tissues and promote oral health. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013;41: e12–40.
Lee SS, Zhang WU, Li Y. The antimicrobial potential of 14 natural herbal dentifrices. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2004;135:1133–1141.
Wu CD, Darout IA, Skaug N. Chewing sticks: timeless natural toothbrushes for oral cleansing. Journal of Periodontal Research. 2001;36:275–284.
Haque MM, Alsareii SA. A review of the therapeutic effects of using miswak (Salvadora persica) on oral health. Saudi Med J. 2015;36:530–543.
Pepla E. Nano-hydroxyapatite and its applications in preventive, restorative and regenerative dentistry: A review of literature. Annali di Stomatologia. Epub Ahead of Print; 2014.
DOI:10.11138/ads/2014.5.3.108
Suchanek W, Yoshimura M. Processing and properties of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials for use as hard tissue replacement implants. Journal of Materials Research. 1998;13:94–117.
Prabakar J, John J, Arumugham IM, et al. Comparing the effectiveness of probiotic, green tea, and chlorhexidine- and fluoride-containing dentifrices on oral microbial flora: A double-blind, randomized clinical Trial. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018;9:560–569.
Prabakar J, John J, Arumugham IM, et al. Comparative evaluation of the viscosity and length of resin tags of conventional and hydrophilic pit and fissure sealants on Permanent molars: An study. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018;9:388–394.
Prabakar J, John J, Arumugham IM, et al. Comparative evaluation of retention, cariostatic effect and discoloration of conventional and hydrophilic sealants - A single blinded randomized split mouth clinical trial. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018;9: S233–S239.
Shenoy RP, Salam TAA, Varghese S. Prevalence and clinical parameters of cervical abrasion as a function of population, age, gender, andtoothbrushing habits: A systematic review. World Journal of Dentistry. 2019;10:470–480.
Manchery N, John J, Nagappan N, et al. Remineralization potential of dentifrice containing nanohydroxyapatite on artificial carious lesions of enamel: A comparative in vitro study. Dent Res J. 2019;16:310.
Vishnu Prasad S, Kumar M, Ramakrishnan M, et al. Report on oral health status and treatment needs of 5-15 years old children with sensory deficits in Chennai, India. Spec Care Dentist. 2018;38:58–59.
Khatri SG, Madan KA, Srinivasan SR, et al. Retention of moisture-tolerant fluoride-releasing sealant and amorphous calcium phosphate-containing sealant in 6-9-year-old children: A randomized controlled trial. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019;37: 92–98.
Prabakar J, John J, Sri Sakthi D. Prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs among school going children of Chandigarh. Indian Journal of Dental Research. 2016;27:547.
Samuel SR, Acharya S, Rao JC. School interventions-based prevention of early-childhood caries among 3-5-year-old children from very low socioeconomic status: Two-year randomized trial. J Public Health Dent. 2020;80:51–60.
Mohapatra S, Pradeep Kumar R, MeignanaArumugham I, et al. Assessment of microhardness of enamel carious like lesions after treatment withnova min, bio min and remin pro containing toothpastes: An in vitro study. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2019; 10:375.
Pratha AA, Ashwatha Pratha A, Prabakar J. Comparing the effect of carbonated and energy drinks on salivary pH- in vivo Randomized controlled trial. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2019;12:4699.
Kumar RP, Pradeep Kumar R, Vijayalakshmi B. Assessment of fluoride concentration in ground water in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2017;10:309.
Kumar RP, Pradeep Kumar R, Preethi R. Assessment of water quality and pollution of porur, chembarambakkam and puzhallake. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2017;10:2157.
Neralla M, Jayabalan J, George R, et al. Role of nutrition in rehabilitation of patients following surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019;10:3197–3203.
Harini G, Leelavathi L. Nicotine replacement therapy for smokingcessation-an overview. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2019;10: 3588.
Pavithra RP, Preethi Pavithra R, Jayashri P. Influence of naturally occurring phytochemicals on oral health. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2019;12:3979.
Kannan SSD, Kumar VS, Rathinavelu PK, et al. Awareness and attitude towards mass disaster and its management among house surgeons in a dental college and hospital in Chennai, India. Disaster Management and Human Health Risk V. Epub Ahead of Print; 2017.
DOI:10.2495/dman170121
Mathew MG, Samuel SR, Soni AJ, et al. Evaluation of adhesion of Streptococcus mutans, plaque accumulation on zirconia and stainless steel crowns, and surrounding gingival inflammation in primary molars: randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig. Epub Ahead of Print; 2020.
DOI:10.1007/s00784-020-03204-9
Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB. Dental caries. The Lancet. 2007;369:51–59.
Scully C, Dios PD, Kumar N. Special care in dentistry: Handbook of Oral Health Care; 2006.
Marinho VCC. Cochrane reviews of randomized trials of fluoride therapies for preventing dental caries. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2009;10: 183–191.
Shulman JD, Wells LM. Acute fluoride toxicity from ingesting home-use dental products in children, birth to 6 years ofage. Journal of Public Health Dentistry. 1997; 57:150–158.
Haghgoo R, Ahmadvand M, Moshaverinia S. Remineralizing effect of topical novamin and nano-hydroxyapatite on caries-like Lesions in Primary teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2016;17:645–649.
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