Antimicrobial Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide and Triple Antibiotic Paste Combination on E. faecalis Biofilm- an In vitro Study
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International,
Page 120-126
DOI:
10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i1830696
Abstract
Calcium hydroxide (CH) is an intracanal medicament that has been widely used in endodontics, which can eliminate bacteria because of its high alkalinity. However, E. faecalis is resistant to CH. Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) is a mixture of ciprofloxacin, minocycline, and metronidazole, and is highly effective against E. faecalis. Hence the main aim of this study was to find the antimicrobial efficacy of CH and TAP combination against E. faecalis. The study was done by agar diffusion method, three wells were punched in Tryptone soya agar and filled with CH, TAP, and the combination of both. The zone of inhibition values was recorded and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS. One way ANOVA and Post Hoc tests were used to compare the means. The combination of CH with TAP was found to be significantly better than CH and TAP used alone (p-value <0.05).Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that TAP is more efficient when compared with CH,The combination of CH and TAP proved to be more effective when compared to the two when used alone.
Keywords:
- Calcium hydroxide
- triple antibiotic paste
- E. faecalis
- intracanal medicaments
- root canal Medicaments
How to Cite
Hanin S. M., A., K., A., & N. P., M. (2020). Antimicrobial Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide and Triple Antibiotic Paste Combination on E. faecalis Biofilm- an In vitro Study. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 32(18), 120-126. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i1830696
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Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2003.00686.x
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.73386
Estrela C, Holland R, Estrela CR de A, Alencar AHG, Sousa-Neto MD, Pécora JD. Characterization of successful root canal treatment. Braz Dent J. 2014;25(1): 3–11.
Hulsmann M, Peters OA, Dummer PMH. Mechanical preparation of root canals: shaping goals, techniques and means [Internet]. Endodontic Topics. 2005;10:30–76. Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-1546.2005.00152.x
Turk BT, Tugba Turk B, Sen BH, Ozturk T. In vitro antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide mixed with different vehicles against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans [Internet]. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2009;108: 297–301.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.03.029
Farhad A, Mohammadi Z. Calcium hydroxide: a review [Internet]. International Dental Journal. 2005;55:293–301.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.2005.tb00326.x
Fabricius L, Dahlén G, Ohman AE, Möller AJ. Predominant indigenous oral bacteria isolated from infected root canals after varied times of closure. Scand J Dent Res. 1982;90(2):134–44.
Byström A, Sundqvist G. Bacteriologic evaluation of the efficacy of mechanical root canal instrumentation in endodontic therapy. Scand J Dent Res. 1981;89(4): 321–8.
Williams JM, Trope M, Caplan DJ, Shugars DC. Detection and Quantitation of E. faecalis by Real-time PCR (qPCR), Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), and Cultivation During Endodontic Treatment [Internet]. Journal of Endodontics. 2006;32:715–21.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2006.02.031
Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjögren U. Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment [Internet]. Vol. 85, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 1998;85: 86–93.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1079-2104(98)90404-8
Donlan RM, Costerton JW. Biofilms: Survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. ClinMicrobiol Rev. 2002; 15(2):167–93.
Chong BS, Pitt Ford TR. The role of intracanal medication in root canal treatment. Int Endod J. 1992;25(2):97–106.
Siqueira JF Jr, Lopes HP. Mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide: A critical review. Int Endod J. 1999; 32(5):361–9.
George S, Kishen A, Song KP. The role of environmental changes on monospecies biofilm formation on root canal wall by Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod. 2005; 31(12):867–72.
Haapasalo HK, Siren EK, Waltimo TMT, Orstavik D, Haapasalo MPP. Inactivation of local root canal medicaments by dentine: An in vitro study [Internet]. International Endodontic Journal. 2000;33: 126–31.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2000.00291.x
Peters LB, van Winkelhoff AJ, Buijs JF, Wesselink PR. Effects of instrumentation, irrigation and dressing with calcium hydroxide on infection in pulpless teeth with periapical bone lesions. Int Endod J. 2002;35(1):13–21.
Taneja S, Kumari M, Parkash H. Nonsurgical healing of large periradicular lesions using a triple antibiotic paste: A case series [Internet]. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry. 2010;1:31.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237x.62519
Windley W 3rd, Teixeira F, Levin L, Sigurdsson A, Trope M. Disinfection of immature teeth with a triple antibiotic paste. J Endod. 2005;31(6):439–43.
Hoshino E, Kurihara-Ando N, Sato I, Uematsu H, Sato M, Kota K, et al. In-vitro antibacterial susceptibility of bacteria taken from infected root dentine to a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline [Internet]. International Endodontic Journal. 1996;29:125–30.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1996.tb01173.x
Sato I, Ando-Kurihara N, Kota K, Iwaku M, Hoshino E. Sterilization of infected root-canal dentine by topical application of a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline in situ. Int Endod J. 1996; 29(2):118–24.
Taneja S, Kumari M, Parkash H. Nonsurgical healing of large periradicular lesions using a triple antibiotic paste: A case series [Internet]. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry. 2010;1:31.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237x.62519
Madhubala MM, Srinivasan N, Ahamed S. Comparative evaluation of propolis and triantibiotic mixture as an intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod. 2011;37(9):1287–9.
Orstavik D, Kerekes K, Molven O. Effects of extensive apical reaming and calcium hydroxide dressing on bacterial infection during treatment of apical periodontitis: A pilot study. Int Endod J. 1991;24(1):1–7.
Haapasalo M, Ørstavik D. In vitro Infection and of Dentinal Tubules [Internet]. Journal of Dental Research. 1987137;66:5–9.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660081801
Paz LEC de, de Paz LEC, Dahlen G, Molander A, Moller A, Bergenholtz G. Bacteria recovered from teeth with apical periodontitis after antimicrobial endodontic treatment [Internet]. International Endodontic Journal. 2003;36:500–8.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2003.00686.x
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