Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Octenidine Dihydrochloride with Contemporary Root Canal Disinfectants: A Systematic Review
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International,
Page 64-76
DOI:
10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i1730669
Abstract
Octenidine is a cationic disinfectant that has been tested for its wide range of antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility. It finds its application in the medical field as an antiseptic for wounds and mucous membranes. The present systematic review aims to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Octenidine Dihydrochloride with various root canal irrigants and medicaments. An electronic search strategy was planned to search the database of PUBMED CENTRAL and MEDLINE using the search terms alone and in combination using PUBMED search builder till September 2019 for related studies. In Vitro studies that compared the antibacterial efficacy of Octenidine Dihydrochloride to other irrigants and medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans using extracted human teeth were included in the review. The primary outcome measure was the reduction in the microbial load which was assessed through either CFU or the percentage of viable and dead bacteria. A total of 7 studies that matched the inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review. The studies indicated that Octenidine Dihydrochloride was highly effective in eliminating E faecalis and C albicans and could be a more biocompatible potential alternative or an adjunct to the existing irrigants and medicaments.
Keywords:
- Antimicrobial
- calcium hydroxide
- octenidine
- root canal irrigants
- sodium hypochlorite
How to Cite
Gulzar, R. A., Ajitha, P., & Subbaiyan, H. (2020). Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Octenidine Dihydrochloride with Contemporary Root Canal Disinfectants: A Systematic Review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 32(17), 64-76. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i1730669
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Available:https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.1999.00275.x
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13. Harke HP. [Octenidine dihydrochloride, properties of a new antimicrobial agent]. Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed. 1989;188:188–93.
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Available:https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2016.25.sup3.s3
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22. Teja KV, Ramesh S, Priya V. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene expression in inflammation: A molecular study. J Conserv Dent. 2018;21:592–6.
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24. Rajendran R, Kunjusankaran RN, Sandhya R, Anilkumar A, Santhosh R, Patil SR. Comparative evaluation of remineralizing potential of a paste containing bioactive glass and a topical cream containing casein phosphopeptide- amorphous calcium phosphate: An in vitro study. Pesquisa Brasileira Em Odontopediatria E Clínica Integrada. 2019;19:1–10.
Available:https://doi.org/10.4034/pboci.2019.191.61
25. Govindaraju L, Neelakantan P, Gutmann JL. Effect of root canal irrigating solutions on the compressive strength of tricalcium silicate cements. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21:567–71.
26. Manohar MP, Sharma S. A survey of the knowledge, attitude, and awareness about the principal choice of intracanal medicaments among the general dental practitioners and nonendodontic specialists. Indian J Dent Res. 2018;29: 716–20.
27. Janani K, Sandhya R. A survey on skills for cone beam computed tomography interpretation among endodontists for endodontic treatment procedure. Indian J Dent Res. 2019;30:834–8.
28. Poorni S, Srinivasan MR, Nivedhitha MS. Probiotic strains in caries prevention: A systematic review. J Conserv Dent. 2019; 22:123–8.
29. Azeem RA, Sureshbabu NM. Clinical performance of direct versus indirect composite restorations in posterior teeth: A systematic review. J Conserv Dent. 2018; 21:2–9.
30. R R, Rajakeerthi R, Ms N. Natural product as the storage medium for an avulsed tooth – A systematic review. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. 2019;22:249–56.
Available:https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.525182
31. Siddique R, Nivedhitha MS. Effectiveness of rotary and reciprocating systems on microbial reduction: A systematic review. J Conserv Dent. 2019;22:114–22.
32. Ramarao S, Sathyanarayanan U. CRA Grid - A preliminary development and calibration of a paper-based objectivization of caries risk assessment in undergraduate dental education. J Conserv Dent. 2019; 22:185–90.
33. Ebru-Tirali R, Bodur H, Ece G. In vitro antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine gluconate and octenidine dihydrochloride in elimination of microor-ganisms within dentinal tubules of primary and permanent teeth. Medicina Oral Patología Oral Y Cirugia Bucal. 2012:e517–22.
Available:https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.17566
34. de Lucena JMVM, Decker EM, Walter C, Boeira LS, Löst C, et al. Antimicrobial effectiveness of intracanal medicaments on Enterococcus faecalis: Chlorhexidine versus octenidine. International Endodontic Journal. 2013;46:53–61.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02093.x
35. Eldeniz AU, Guneser MB, Akbulut MB. Comparative antifungal efficacy of light-activated disinfection and octenidine hydrochloride with contemporary endodontic irrigants. Lasers Med Sci. 2015;30:669–75.
36. Guneser MB, Akbulut MB, Eldeniz AU. Antibacterial effect of chlorhexidine-cetrimide combination, Salvia officinalis plant extract and octenidine in comparison with conventional endodontic irrigants. Dent Mater J. 2016;35:736–41.
37. Cherian B, Gehlot PM, Manjunath MK. Comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of octenidine dihydrochloride and chlorhexidine with and without passive ultrasonic irrigation - An invitro study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10:ZC71–7.
38. Varghese VS, Uppin V, Bhat K, Pujar M, Hooli AB, Kurian N. Antimicrobial efficacy of octenidine hydrochloride and calcium hydroxide with and without a carrier: A broth dilution analysis. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018;9:72–6.
39. Hübner N-O, Siebert J, Kramer A. Octenidine dihydrochloride, a modern antiseptic for skin, mucous membranes and wounds. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2010;23:244–58.
40. Beiswanger BB, Mallatt ME, Mau MS, Jackson RD, Hennon DK. The clinical effects of a mouthrinse containing 0.1% octenidine. J Dent Res. 1990;69:454–7.
41. Mutters NT, Neubert TR, Nieth R, Mutters R. The role of Octenidol(®), Glandomed(®) and chlorhexidine mouthwash in the prevention of mucositis and in the reduction of the oropharyngeal flora: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2015;10: Doc05.
42. Ghannoum MA, Elteen AK, Stretton RJ, Whittaker PA. Effects of octenidine and pirtenidine on adhesion of Candida species to human buccal epithelial cells in vitro. Archives of Oral Biology. 1990;35:249–53.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(90)90039-d
2. Siqueira JF, Rôças IN, Lopes HP. Patterns of microbial colonization in primary root canal infections. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2002;93:174–8.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1067/moe.2002.119910
3. Stuart CH, Schwartz SA, Beeson TJ, Owatz CB. Enterococcus faecalis: Its role in root canal treatment failure and current concepts in retreatment. J Endod. 2006;32: 93–8.
4. Siqueira JF, Sen BH. Fungi in endodontic infections. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2004;97:632–41.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2003.12.022
5. Buldur B, Oznurhan F, Kaptan A. The effect of different chelating agents on the push-out bond strength of proroot mta and endosequence root repair material. European Oral Research. 2019;53(2):88.
6. Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Wang Z, Gao Y. Irrigation in endodontics. Br Dent J. 2014;216:299–303.
7. Byström A, Sundqvist G. Bacteriologic evaluation of the efficacy of mechanical root canal instrumentation in endodontic therapy. Scand J Dent Res. 1981;89:321–8.
8. Gernhardt CR, Eppendorf K, Kozlowski A, Brandt M. Toxicity of concentrated sodium hypochlorite used as an endodontic irrigant. Int Endod J. 2004;37:272–80.
9. Chong BS, Pitt Ford TR. The role of intracanal medication in root canal treatment. International Endodontic Journal. 1992;25:97–106.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1992.tb00743.x
10. Sathorn C, Parashos P, Messer H. Antibacterial efficacy of calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Endodontic Journal. 2007;40:2–10.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01197.x
11. Siqueira JF, Lopes HP. Mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide: A critical review. International Endodontic Journal. 1999;32:361–9.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.1999.00275.x
12. Evans M, Davies JK, Sundqvist G, Figdor D. Mechanisms involved in the resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to calcium hydroxide. Int Endod J. 2002;35:221–8.
13. Harke HP. [Octenidine dihydrochloride, properties of a new antimicrobial agent]. Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed. 1989;188:188–93.
14. Bukhary S, Balto H. Antibacterial efficacy of octenisept, alexidine, chlorhexidine, and sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. J Endod. 2017;43:643–7.
15. Assadian O. Octenidine dihydrochloride: Chemical characteristics and antimicrobial properties. Journal of Wound Care. 2016;25:S3–6.
Available:https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2016.25.sup3.s3
16. Basrani BR, Manek S, Mathers D, Fillery E, Sodhi RNS. Determination of 4-chloroaniline and its derivatives formed in the interaction of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine by using gas chromatography. J Endod. 2010;36:312–4.
17. Jenarthanan S, Subbarao C. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of diclofenac sodium administered using different delivery routes in the management of endodontic pain: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Conservative Dentistry. 2018;21:297.
Available:https://doi.org/10.4103/jcd.jcd_140_17
18. Khandelwal A, Palanivelu A. Correlation between dental caries and salivary albumin in adult population in Chennai: An in vivo study. Brazilian Dental Science. 2019;22: 228–33.
Available:https://doi.org/10.14295/bds.2019.v22i2.1686
19. Sureshbabu MN, Selvarasu K, V JK, Nandakumar M, Selvam D. Concentrated growth factors as an ingenious biomaterial in regeneration of bony defects after periapical surgery: A report of two cases. Case Rep Dent. 2019;2019:7046203.
20. Nandakumar M, Nasim I. Comparative evaluation of grape seed and cranberry extracts in preventing enamel erosion: An optical emission spectrometric analysis. J Conserv Dent. 2018;21:516–20.
21. Siddique R, Nivedhitha MS, Jacob B. Quantitative analysis for detection of toxic elements in various irrigants, their combination (precipitate), and para-chloroaniline: An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry study. J Conserv Dent. 2019;22:344–50.
22. Teja KV, Ramesh S, Priya V. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene expression in inflammation: A molecular study. J Conserv Dent. 2018;21:592–6.
23. Siddique R, Sureshbabu NM, Somasundaram J, Jacob B, Selvam D. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of precipitate formation following interaction of chlorhexidine with sodium hypochlorite, neem, and tulsi. J Conserv Dent. 2019;22: 40–7.
24. Rajendran R, Kunjusankaran RN, Sandhya R, Anilkumar A, Santhosh R, Patil SR. Comparative evaluation of remineralizing potential of a paste containing bioactive glass and a topical cream containing casein phosphopeptide- amorphous calcium phosphate: An in vitro study. Pesquisa Brasileira Em Odontopediatria E Clínica Integrada. 2019;19:1–10.
Available:https://doi.org/10.4034/pboci.2019.191.61
25. Govindaraju L, Neelakantan P, Gutmann JL. Effect of root canal irrigating solutions on the compressive strength of tricalcium silicate cements. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21:567–71.
26. Manohar MP, Sharma S. A survey of the knowledge, attitude, and awareness about the principal choice of intracanal medicaments among the general dental practitioners and nonendodontic specialists. Indian J Dent Res. 2018;29: 716–20.
27. Janani K, Sandhya R. A survey on skills for cone beam computed tomography interpretation among endodontists for endodontic treatment procedure. Indian J Dent Res. 2019;30:834–8.
28. Poorni S, Srinivasan MR, Nivedhitha MS. Probiotic strains in caries prevention: A systematic review. J Conserv Dent. 2019; 22:123–8.
29. Azeem RA, Sureshbabu NM. Clinical performance of direct versus indirect composite restorations in posterior teeth: A systematic review. J Conserv Dent. 2018; 21:2–9.
30. R R, Rajakeerthi R, Ms N. Natural product as the storage medium for an avulsed tooth – A systematic review. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. 2019;22:249–56.
Available:https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.525182
31. Siddique R, Nivedhitha MS. Effectiveness of rotary and reciprocating systems on microbial reduction: A systematic review. J Conserv Dent. 2019;22:114–22.
32. Ramarao S, Sathyanarayanan U. CRA Grid - A preliminary development and calibration of a paper-based objectivization of caries risk assessment in undergraduate dental education. J Conserv Dent. 2019; 22:185–90.
33. Ebru-Tirali R, Bodur H, Ece G. In vitro antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine gluconate and octenidine dihydrochloride in elimination of microor-ganisms within dentinal tubules of primary and permanent teeth. Medicina Oral Patología Oral Y Cirugia Bucal. 2012:e517–22.
Available:https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.17566
34. de Lucena JMVM, Decker EM, Walter C, Boeira LS, Löst C, et al. Antimicrobial effectiveness of intracanal medicaments on Enterococcus faecalis: Chlorhexidine versus octenidine. International Endodontic Journal. 2013;46:53–61.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02093.x
35. Eldeniz AU, Guneser MB, Akbulut MB. Comparative antifungal efficacy of light-activated disinfection and octenidine hydrochloride with contemporary endodontic irrigants. Lasers Med Sci. 2015;30:669–75.
36. Guneser MB, Akbulut MB, Eldeniz AU. Antibacterial effect of chlorhexidine-cetrimide combination, Salvia officinalis plant extract and octenidine in comparison with conventional endodontic irrigants. Dent Mater J. 2016;35:736–41.
37. Cherian B, Gehlot PM, Manjunath MK. Comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of octenidine dihydrochloride and chlorhexidine with and without passive ultrasonic irrigation - An invitro study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10:ZC71–7.
38. Varghese VS, Uppin V, Bhat K, Pujar M, Hooli AB, Kurian N. Antimicrobial efficacy of octenidine hydrochloride and calcium hydroxide with and without a carrier: A broth dilution analysis. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018;9:72–6.
39. Hübner N-O, Siebert J, Kramer A. Octenidine dihydrochloride, a modern antiseptic for skin, mucous membranes and wounds. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2010;23:244–58.
40. Beiswanger BB, Mallatt ME, Mau MS, Jackson RD, Hennon DK. The clinical effects of a mouthrinse containing 0.1% octenidine. J Dent Res. 1990;69:454–7.
41. Mutters NT, Neubert TR, Nieth R, Mutters R. The role of Octenidol(®), Glandomed(®) and chlorhexidine mouthwash in the prevention of mucositis and in the reduction of the oropharyngeal flora: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2015;10: Doc05.
42. Ghannoum MA, Elteen AK, Stretton RJ, Whittaker PA. Effects of octenidine and pirtenidine on adhesion of Candida species to human buccal epithelial cells in vitro. Archives of Oral Biology. 1990;35:249–53.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(90)90039-d
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